diff --git a/benchmark/common.js b/benchmark/common.js
index 8da8bd71f3ac2f..0d3dbef24d07ad 100644
--- a/benchmark/common.js
+++ b/benchmark/common.js
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ function getUrlData(withBase) {
  * @param {number} e The repetition of the data, as exponent of 2
  * @param {boolean} withBase Whether to include a base URL
  * @param {boolean} asUrl Whether to return the results as URL objects
- * @return {string[] | string[][] | URL[]}
+ * @returns {string[] | string[][] | URL[]}
  */
 function bakeUrlData(type, e = 0, withBase = false, asUrl = false) {
   let result = [];
diff --git a/eslint.config.mjs b/eslint.config.mjs
index 003f460e1f7bc5..9509fc3b713338 100644
--- a/eslint.config.mjs
+++ b/eslint.config.mjs
@@ -262,17 +262,21 @@ export default [
       // ESLint recommended rules that we disable.
       'no-inner-declarations': 'off',
 
-      // JSDoc recommended rules that we disable.
+      // JSDoc rules.
       'jsdoc/require-jsdoc': 'off',
       'jsdoc/require-param-description': 'off',
-      'jsdoc/newline-after-description': 'off',
       'jsdoc/require-returns-description': 'off',
-      'jsdoc/valid-types': 'off',
-      'jsdoc/no-defaults': 'off',
+      'jsdoc/valid-types': 'error',
+      'jsdoc/no-defaults': 'error',
       'jsdoc/no-undefined-types': 'off',
       'jsdoc/require-param': 'off',
-      'jsdoc/check-tag-names': 'off',
-      'jsdoc/require-returns': 'off',
+      'jsdoc/check-tag-names': 'error',
+      'jsdoc/require-returns': 'error',
+      'jsdoc/check-line-alignment': ['error', 'any', {
+        tags: ['param', 'property', 'returns', 'file'],
+        wrapIndent: '  ',
+      }],
+      'jsdoc/check-alignment': 'error',
 
       // Stylistic rules.
       '@stylistic/js/arrow-parens': 'error',
diff --git a/lib/_http_common.js b/lib/_http_common.js
index 96d9bdfc9fcbe5..0cbc5ba0ec71dc 100644
--- a/lib/_http_common.js
+++ b/lib/_http_common.js
@@ -206,6 +206,8 @@ const tokenRegExp = /^[\^_`a-zA-Z\-0-9!#$%&'*+.|~]+$/;
  * Verifies that the given val is a valid HTTP token
  * per the rules defined in RFC 7230
  * See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2.6
+ * @param {string} val
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function checkIsHttpToken(val) {
   return tokenRegExp.test(val);
@@ -217,6 +219,8 @@ const headerCharRegex = /[^\t\x20-\x7e\x80-\xff]/;
  *  field-value    = *( field-content / obs-fold )
  *  field-content  = field-vchar [ 1*( SP / HTAB ) field-vchar ]
  *  field-vchar    = VCHAR / obs-text
+ * @param {string} val
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function checkInvalidHeaderChar(val) {
   return headerCharRegex.test(val);
diff --git a/lib/buffer.js b/lib/buffer.js
index ec3cdd434c2f99..c9f45d333886d3 100644
--- a/lib/buffer.js
+++ b/lib/buffer.js
@@ -266,6 +266,7 @@ function _copyActual(source, target, targetStart, sourceStart, sourceEnd) {
  * runtime deprecation would introduce too much breakage at this time. It's not
  * likely that the Buffer constructors would ever actually be removed.
  * Deprecation Code: DEP0005
+ * @returns {Buffer}
  */
 function Buffer(arg, encodingOrOffset, length) {
   showFlaggedDeprecation();
@@ -293,6 +294,10 @@ ObjectDefineProperty(Buffer, SymbolSpecies, {
  * Buffer.from(array)
  * Buffer.from(buffer)
  * Buffer.from(arrayBuffer[, byteOffset[, length]])
+ * @param {any} value
+ * @param {BufferEncoding|number} encodingOrOffset
+ * @param {number} [length]
+ * @returns {Buffer}
  */
 Buffer.from = function from(value, encodingOrOffset, length) {
   if (typeof value === 'string')
@@ -389,6 +394,7 @@ ObjectSetPrototypeOf(Buffer, Uint8Array);
 /**
  * Creates a new filled Buffer instance.
  * alloc(size[, fill[, encoding]])
+ * @returns {FastBuffer}
  */
 Buffer.alloc = function alloc(size, fill, encoding) {
   validateNumber(size, 'size', 0, kMaxLength);
@@ -402,6 +408,7 @@ Buffer.alloc = function alloc(size, fill, encoding) {
 /**
  * Equivalent to Buffer(num), by default creates a non-zero-filled Buffer
  * instance. If `--zero-fill-buffers` is set, will zero-fill the buffer.
+ * @returns {FastBuffer}
  */
 Buffer.allocUnsafe = function allocUnsafe(size) {
   validateNumber(size, 'size', 0, kMaxLength);
@@ -412,6 +419,8 @@ Buffer.allocUnsafe = function allocUnsafe(size) {
  * By default creates a non-zero-filled Buffer instance that is not allocated
  * off the pre-initialized pool. If `--zero-fill-buffers` is set, will zero-fill
  * the buffer.
+ * @param {number} size
+ * @returns {FastBuffer|undefined}
  */
 Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow = function allocUnsafeSlow(size) {
   validateNumber(size, 'size', 0, kMaxLength);
diff --git a/lib/events.js b/lib/events.js
index 5bfe95c84ab198..1555994df6950e 100644
--- a/lib/events.js
+++ b/lib/events.js
@@ -157,8 +157,8 @@ function lazyEventEmitterAsyncResource() {
         }
 
         /**
-         * @param {symbol,string} event
-         * @param  {...any} args
+         * @param {symbol|string} event
+         * @param {any[]} args
          * @returns {boolean}
          */
         emit(event, ...args) {
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ function lazyEventEmitterAsyncResource() {
 /**
  * Creates a new `EventEmitter` instance.
  * @param {{ captureRejections?: boolean; }} [opts]
- * @constructs {EventEmitter}
+ * @constructs EventEmitter
  */
 function EventEmitter(opts) {
   EventEmitter.init.call(this, opts);
@@ -1115,24 +1115,28 @@ function on(emitter, event, options = kEmptyObject) {
     [kWatermarkData]: {
       /**
        * The current queue size
+       * @returns {number}
        */
       get size() {
         return size;
       },
       /**
        * The low watermark. The emitter is resumed every time size is lower than it
+       * @returns {number}
        */
       get low() {
         return lowWatermark;
       },
       /**
        * The high watermark. The emitter is paused every time size is higher than it
+       * @returns {number}
        */
       get high() {
         return highWatermark;
       },
       /**
        * It checks whether the emitter is paused by the watermark controller or not
+       * @returns {boolean}
        */
       get isPaused() {
         return paused;
diff --git a/lib/https.js b/lib/https.js
index acd3252b5cde66..c22011a0a6b200 100644
--- a/lib/https.js
+++ b/lib/https.js
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ function createConnection(port, host, options) {
  *   maxCachedSessions?: number;
  *   servername?: string;
  *   }} [options]
- * @constructor
+ * @class
  */
 function Agent(options) {
   if (!(this instanceof Agent))
diff --git a/lib/internal/abort_controller.js b/lib/internal/abort_controller.js
index 4fbed3bfa7399a..ef77e0af30e40a 100644
--- a/lib/internal/abort_controller.js
+++ b/lib/internal/abort_controller.js
@@ -534,6 +534,7 @@ function transferableAbortSignal(signal) {
 
 /**
  * Creates an AbortController with a transferable AbortSignal
+ * @returns {AbortController}
  */
 function transferableAbortController() {
   return AbortController[kMakeTransferable]();
diff --git a/lib/internal/async_hooks.js b/lib/internal/async_hooks.js
index 366ede83da2e5a..f4a45c99858c55 100644
--- a/lib/internal/async_hooks.js
+++ b/lib/internal/async_hooks.js
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ function clearDefaultTriggerAsyncId() {
  * @template {unknown} R
  * @param {number} triggerAsyncId
  * @param { (...T: args) => R } block
- * @param  {T} args
+ * @param {T} args
  * @returns {R}
  */
 function defaultTriggerAsyncIdScope(triggerAsyncId, block, ...args) {
diff --git a/lib/internal/blob.js b/lib/internal/blob.js
index f27992eb2dcdfd..7825ea15de1e6d 100644
--- a/lib/internal/blob.js
+++ b/lib/internal/blob.js
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class Blob {
    *   endings? : string,
    *   type? : string,
    * }} [options]
-   * @constructs {Blob}
+   * @constructs Blob
    */
   constructor(sources = [], options) {
     markTransferMode(this, true, false);
diff --git a/lib/internal/crypto/random.js b/lib/internal/crypto/random.js
index a035dd265e05e0..84b03e0eb4ea4b 100644
--- a/lib/internal/crypto/random.js
+++ b/lib/internal/crypto/random.js
@@ -503,13 +503,13 @@ function generatePrimeSync(size, options = kEmptyObject) {
  * 48 is the ASCII code for '0', 97 is the ASCII code for 'a'.
  * @param {number} number An integer between 0 and 15.
  * @returns {number} corresponding to the ASCII code of the hex representation
- *                   of the parameter.
+ * of the parameter.
  */
 const numberToHexCharCode = (number) => (number < 10 ? 48 : 87) + number;
 
 /**
  * @param {ArrayBuffer} buf An ArrayBuffer.
- * @return {bigint}
+ * @returns {bigint}
  */
 function arrayBufferToUnsignedBigInt(buf) {
   const length = ArrayBufferPrototypeGetByteLength(buf);
diff --git a/lib/internal/data_url.js b/lib/internal/data_url.js
index 772498449319dc..ff3e41e9a0d3f4 100644
--- a/lib/internal/data_url.js
+++ b/lib/internal/data_url.js
@@ -28,7 +28,10 @@ function lazyEncoder() {
 const ASCII_WHITESPACE_REPLACE_REGEX = /[\u0009\u000A\u000C\u000D\u0020]/g // eslint-disable-line
 
 // https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#data-url-processor
-/** @param {URL} dataURL */
+/**
+ * @param {URL} dataURL
+ * @returns {object|'failure'}
+ */
 function dataURLProcessor(dataURL) {
   // 1. Assert: dataURL's scheme is "data".
   assert(dataURL.protocol === 'data:');
@@ -132,6 +135,7 @@ function dataURLProcessor(dataURL) {
 /**
  * @param {URL} url
  * @param {boolean} excludeFragment
+ * @returns {string}
  */
 function URLSerializer(url, excludeFragment = false) {
   const { href } = url;
@@ -155,6 +159,7 @@ function URLSerializer(url, excludeFragment = false) {
  * @param {string} char
  * @param {string} input
  * @param {{ position: number }} position
+ * @returns {string}
  */
 function collectASequenceOfCodePointsFast(char, input, position) {
   const idx = StringPrototypeIndexOf(input, char, position.position);
@@ -170,7 +175,10 @@ function collectASequenceOfCodePointsFast(char, input, position) {
 }
 
 // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#string-percent-decode
-/** @param {string} input */
+/**
+ * @param {string} input
+ * @returns {Uint8Array}
+ */
 function stringPercentDecode(input) {
   // 1. Let bytes be the UTF-8 encoding of input.
   const bytes = lazyEncoder().encode(input);
@@ -181,6 +189,7 @@ function stringPercentDecode(input) {
 
 /**
  * @param {number} byte
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function isHexCharByte(byte) {
   // 0-9 A-F a-f
@@ -189,6 +198,7 @@ function isHexCharByte(byte) {
 
 /**
  * @param {number} byte
+ * @returns {number}
  */
 function hexByteToNumber(byte) {
   return (
@@ -202,7 +212,10 @@ function hexByteToNumber(byte) {
 }
 
 // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#percent-decode
-/** @param {Uint8Array} input */
+/**
+ * @param {Uint8Array} input
+ * @returns {Uint8Array}
+ */
 function percentDecode(input) {
   const length = input.length;
   // 1. Let output be an empty byte sequence.
@@ -245,7 +258,10 @@ function percentDecode(input) {
 }
 
 // https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#forgiving-base64-decode
-/** @param {string} data */
+/**
+ * @param {string} data
+ * @returns {object|'failure'}
+ */
 function forgivingBase64(data) {
   // 1. Remove all ASCII whitespace from data.
   data = RegExpPrototypeSymbolReplace(ASCII_WHITESPACE_REPLACE_REGEX, data, '');
@@ -286,6 +302,7 @@ function forgivingBase64(data) {
 /**
  * @see https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ascii-whitespace
  * @param {number} char
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function isASCIIWhitespace(char) {
   // "\r\n\t\f "
@@ -295,8 +312,9 @@ function isASCIIWhitespace(char) {
 /**
  * @see https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-leading-and-trailing-ascii-whitespace
  * @param {string} str
- * @param {boolean} [leading=true]
- * @param {boolean} [trailing=true]
+ * @param {boolean} [leading]
+ * @param {boolean} [trailing]
+ * @returns {string}
  */
 function removeASCIIWhitespace(str, leading = true, trailing = true) {
   return removeChars(str, leading, trailing, isASCIIWhitespace);
@@ -307,6 +325,7 @@ function removeASCIIWhitespace(str, leading = true, trailing = true) {
  * @param {boolean} leading
  * @param {boolean} trailing
  * @param {(charCode: number) => boolean} predicate
+ * @returns {string}
  */
 function removeChars(str, leading, trailing, predicate) {
   let lead = 0;
diff --git a/lib/internal/dns/promises.js b/lib/internal/dns/promises.js
index 300052a04608ae..cf25bb39c84ef2 100644
--- a/lib/internal/dns/promises.js
+++ b/lib/internal/dns/promises.js
@@ -185,13 +185,13 @@ function createLookupPromise(family, hostname, all, hints, dnsOrder) {
  * Get the IP address for a given hostname.
  * @param {string} hostname - The hostname to resolve (ex. 'nodejs.org').
  * @param {object} [options] - Optional settings.
- * @param {boolean} [options.all=false] - Whether to return all or just the first resolved address.
- * @param {0 | 4 | 6} [options.family=0] - The record family. Must be 4, 6, or 0 (for both).
+ * @param {boolean} [options.all] - Whether to return all or just the first resolved address.
+ * @param {0 | 4 | 6} [options.family] - The record family. Must be 4, 6, or 0 (for both).
  * @param {number} [options.hints] - One or more supported getaddrinfo flags (supply multiple via
  * bitwise OR).
- * @param {string} [options.order='verbatim'] - Return results in same order DNS resolved them;
- * Must be `ipv4first`, `ipv6first` or `verbatim`.
+ * @param {'ipv4first' | 'ipv6first' | 'verbatim'} [options.order] - Return results in same order DNS resolved them;
  * New code should supply `verbatim`.
+ * @returns {Promise<object>}
  */
 function lookup(hostname, options) {
   let hints = 0;
diff --git a/lib/internal/errors.js b/lib/internal/errors.js
index 6c48b1fd31b8cd..f05d42d9d4affd 100644
--- a/lib/internal/errors.js
+++ b/lib/internal/errors.js
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ let internalPrepareStackTrace = defaultPrepareStackTrace;
  * The default implementation of `Error.prepareStackTrace` with simple
  * concatenation of stack frames.
  * Read more about `Error.prepareStackTrace` at https://v8.dev/docs/stack-trace-api#customizing-stack-traces.
+ * @returns {string}
  */
 function defaultPrepareStackTrace(error, trace) {
   // Normal error formatting:
@@ -121,8 +122,8 @@ function setInternalPrepareStackTrace(callback) {
  * of error objects created in a VM Context will always invoke the
  * prepareStackTraceCallback of the principal realm.
  * @param {object} globalThis The global object of the realm that the error was
- *   created in. When the error object is created in a VM Context, this is the
- *   global object of that VM Context.
+ * created in. When the error object is created in a VM Context, this is the
+ * global object of that VM Context.
  * @param {object} error The error object.
  * @param {CallSite[]} trace An array of CallSite objects, read more at https://v8.dev/docs/stack-trace-api#customizing-stack-traces.
  * @returns {string}
@@ -157,6 +158,7 @@ function prepareStackTraceCallback(globalThis, error, trace) {
 
 /**
  * The default Error.prepareStackTrace implementation.
+ * @returns {string}
  */
 function ErrorPrepareStackTrace(error, trace) {
   return internalPrepareStackTrace(error, trace);
diff --git a/lib/internal/event_target.js b/lib/internal/event_target.js
index 99296b83f2e828..ca91dcbb627671 100644
--- a/lib/internal/event_target.js
+++ b/lib/internal/event_target.js
@@ -373,9 +373,11 @@ function isCustomEvent(value) {
   return isEvent(value) && (value?.[kDetail] !== undefined);
 }
 
+/**
+ * @class
+ */
 class CustomEvent extends Event {
   /**
-   * @constructor
    * @param {string} type
    * @param {{
    *   bubbles?: boolean,
@@ -746,6 +748,7 @@ class EventTarget {
 
   /**
    * @param {Event} event
+   * @returns {boolean}
    */
   dispatchEvent(event) {
     if (!isEventTarget(this))
diff --git a/lib/internal/http2/util.js b/lib/internal/http2/util.js
index 75312e5aa57c5f..5d32aa5e21ac64 100644
--- a/lib/internal/http2/util.js
+++ b/lib/internal/http2/util.js
@@ -607,6 +607,7 @@ const assertValidPseudoHeaderTrailer = hideStackFrames((key) => {
 /**
  * Takes a request headers array, validates it and sets defaults, and returns
  * the resulting headers in NgHeaders string list format.
+ * @returns {object}
  */
 function prepareRequestHeadersArray(headers, session) {
   let method;
@@ -688,6 +689,7 @@ function prepareRequestHeadersArray(headers, session) {
 /**
  * Takes a request headers object, validates it and sets defaults, and returns
  * the resulting headers in object format and NgHeaders string list format.
+ * @returns {object}
  */
 function prepareRequestHeadersObject(headers, session) {
   const headersObject = ObjectAssign({ __proto__: null }, headers);
@@ -734,6 +736,7 @@ const kNoHeaderFlags = StringFromCharCode(NGHTTP2_NV_FLAG_NONE);
  * format, rejecting illegal header configurations, and marking sensitive headers
  * that should not be indexed en route. This takes either a flat map of
  * raw headers ([k1, v1, k2, v2]) or a header object ({ k1: v1, k2: [v2, v3] }).
+ * @returns {[string, number]}
  */
 function buildNgHeaderString(arrayOrMap,
                              assertValuePseudoHeader = assertValidPseudoHeader,
diff --git a/lib/internal/mime.js b/lib/internal/mime.js
index 07d80a72625cac..efe6a2212b0483 100644
--- a/lib/internal/mime.js
+++ b/lib/internal/mime.js
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ class MIMEParams {
   /**
    * Used to instantiate a MIMEParams object within the MIMEType class and
    * to allow it to be parsed lazily.
+   * @returns {MIMEParams}
    */
   static instantiateMimeParams(str) {
     const instance = new MIMEParams();
@@ -139,6 +140,10 @@ class MIMEParams {
     return instance;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * @param {string} name
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
   delete(name) {
     this.#parse();
     this.#data.delete(name);
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js b/lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js
index 9eac7ab126f302..7bec96fbc7d559 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js
@@ -224,6 +224,7 @@ let statCache = null;
  * Internal method to add tracing capabilities for Module._load.
  *
  * See more {@link Module._load}
+ * @returns {object}
  */
 function wrapModuleLoad(request, parent, isMain) {
   const logLabel = `[${parent?.id || ''}] [${request}]`;
@@ -245,6 +246,7 @@ function wrapModuleLoad(request, parent, isMain) {
 /**
  * Get a path's properties, using an in-memory cache to minimize lookups.
  * @param {string} filename Absolute path to the file
+ * @returns {number}
  */
 function stat(filename) {
   // Guard against internal bugs where a non-string filename is passed in by mistake.
@@ -280,6 +282,7 @@ ObjectDefineProperty(Module, '_stat', {
  * @param {Module} parent Module requiring the children
  * @param {Module} child Module being required
  * @param {boolean} scan Add the child to the parent's children if not already present
+ * @returns {void}
  */
 function updateChildren(parent, child, scan) {
   const children = parent?.children;
@@ -291,6 +294,7 @@ function updateChildren(parent, child, scan) {
 /**
  * Tell the watch mode that a module was required.
  * @param {string} filename Absolute path of the module
+ * @returns {void}
  */
 function reportModuleToWatchMode(filename) {
   if (shouldReportRequiredModules() && process.send) {
@@ -302,6 +306,7 @@ function reportModuleToWatchMode(filename) {
  * Tell the watch mode that a module was not found.
  * @param {string} basePath The absolute path that errored
  * @param {string[]} extensions The extensions that were tried
+ * @returns {void}
  */
 function reportModuleNotFoundToWatchMode(basePath, extensions) {
   if (shouldReportRequiredModules() && process.send) {
@@ -313,6 +318,7 @@ function reportModuleNotFoundToWatchMode(basePath, extensions) {
  * Create a new module instance.
  * @param {string} id
  * @param {Module} parent
+ * @returns {void}
  */
 function Module(id = '', parent) {
   this.id = id;
@@ -329,7 +335,7 @@ function Module(id = '', parent) {
 Module._cache = { __proto__: null };
 /** @type {Record<string, string>} */
 Module._pathCache = { __proto__: null };
-/** @type {Record<string, (module: Module, filename: string) => void>} */
+/** @type {{[key: string]: function(Module, string): void}} */
 Module._extensions = { __proto__: null };
 /** @type {string[]} */
 let modulePaths = [];
@@ -341,6 +347,7 @@ let patched = false;
 /**
  * Add the CommonJS wrapper around a module's source code.
  * @param {string} script Module source code
+ * @returns {string}
  */
 let wrap = function(script) { // eslint-disable-line func-style
   return Module.wrapper[0] + script + Module.wrapper[1];
@@ -396,6 +403,7 @@ ObjectDefineProperty(BuiltinModule.prototype, 'isPreloading', isPreloadingDesc);
 /**
  * Get the parent of the current module from our cache.
  * @this {Module}
+ * @returns {object}
  */
 function getModuleParent() {
   return this[kModuleParent];
@@ -405,6 +413,7 @@ function getModuleParent() {
  * Set the parent of the current module in our cache.
  * @this {Module}
  * @param {Module} value
+ * @returns {void}
  */
 function setModuleParent(value) {
   this[kModuleParent] = value;
@@ -435,6 +444,7 @@ Module.isBuiltin = BuiltinModule.isBuiltin;
 /**
  * Prepare to run CommonJS code.
  * This function is called during pre-execution, before any user code is run.
+ * @returns {void}
  */
 function initializeCJS() {
   // This need to be done at runtime in case --expose-internals is set.
@@ -496,6 +506,7 @@ ObjectDefineProperty(Module, '_readPackage', {
  * @param {string[]} exts File extensions to try appending in order to resolve the file
  * @param {boolean} isMain Whether the file is the main entry point of the app
  * @param {string} originalPath The specifier passed to `require`
+ * @returns {any}
  */
 function tryPackage(requestPath, exts, isMain, originalPath) {
   const { main: pkg, pjsonPath } = _readPackage(requestPath);
@@ -538,6 +549,7 @@ function tryPackage(requestPath, exts, isMain, originalPath) {
  * `--preserve-symlinks-main` and `isMain` is true , keep symlinks intact, otherwise resolve to the absolute realpath.
  * @param {string} requestPath The path to the file to load.
  * @param {boolean} isMain Whether the file is the main module.
+ * @returns {string|undefined}
  */
 function tryFile(requestPath, isMain) {
   const rc = _stat(requestPath);
@@ -553,6 +565,7 @@ function tryFile(requestPath, isMain) {
  * @param {string} basePath The path and filename without extension
  * @param {string[]} exts The extensions to try
  * @param {boolean} isMain Whether the module is the main module
+ * @returns {string|false}
  */
 function tryExtensions(basePath, exts, isMain) {
   for (let i = 0; i < exts.length; i++) {
@@ -568,6 +581,7 @@ function tryExtensions(basePath, exts, isMain) {
 /**
  * Find the longest (possibly multi-dot) extension registered in `Module._extensions`.
  * @param {string} filename The filename to find the longest registered extension for.
+ * @returns {string}
  */
 function findLongestRegisteredExtension(filename) {
   const name = path.basename(filename);
@@ -586,6 +600,7 @@ function findLongestRegisteredExtension(filename) {
 /**
  * Tries to get the absolute file path of the parent module.
  * @param {Module} parent The parent module object.
+ * @returns {string|false|void}
  */
 function trySelfParentPath(parent) {
   if (!parent) { return false; }
@@ -605,6 +620,8 @@ function trySelfParentPath(parent) {
  * Attempt to resolve a module request using the parent module package metadata.
  * @param {string} parentPath The path of the parent module
  * @param {string} request The module request to resolve
+ * @param {unknown} conditions
+ * @returns {false|string}
  */
 function trySelf(parentPath, request, conditions) {
   if (!parentPath) { return false; }
@@ -647,6 +664,8 @@ const EXPORTS_PATTERN = /^((?:@[^/\\%]+\/)?[^./\\%][^/\\%]*)(\/.*)?$/;
  * Resolves the exports for a given module path and request.
  * @param {string} nmPath The path to the module.
  * @param {string} request The request for the module.
+ * @param {unknown} conditions
+ * @returns {undefined|string}
  */
 function resolveExports(nmPath, request, conditions) {
   // The implementation's behavior is meant to mirror resolution in ESM.
@@ -822,6 +841,7 @@ if (isWindows) {
   /**
    * Get the paths to the `node_modules` folder for a given path.
    * @param {string} from `__dirname` of the module
+   * @returns {string[]}
    */
   Module._nodeModulePaths = function(from) {
     // Guarantee that 'from' is absolute.
@@ -874,6 +894,7 @@ if (isWindows) {
   /**
    * Get the paths to the `node_modules` folder for a given path.
    * @param {string} from `__dirname` of the module
+   * @returns {string[]}
    */
   Module._nodeModulePaths = function(from) {
     // Guarantee that 'from' is absolute.
@@ -920,6 +941,7 @@ if (isWindows) {
  * Get the paths for module resolution.
  * @param {string} request
  * @param {Module} parent
+ * @returns {null|string[]}
  */
 Module._resolveLookupPaths = function(request, parent) {
   if (BuiltinModule.normalizeRequirableId(request)) {
@@ -967,6 +989,7 @@ Module._resolveLookupPaths = function(request, parent) {
 /**
  * Emits a warning when a non-existent property of module exports is accessed inside a circular dependency.
  * @param {string} prop The name of the non-existent property.
+ * @returns {void}
  */
 function emitCircularRequireWarning(prop) {
   process.emitWarning(
@@ -1003,6 +1026,7 @@ const CircularRequirePrototypeWarningProxy = new Proxy({}, {
  * If the exports object is a plain object, it is wrapped in a proxy that warns
  * about circular dependencies.
  * @param {Module} module The module instance
+ * @returns {object}
  */
 function getExportsForCircularRequire(module) {
   const requiredESM = module[kRequiredModuleSymbol];
@@ -1105,8 +1129,8 @@ function resolveForCJSWithHooks(specifier, parent, isMain) {
 }
 
 /**
- * @typedef {import('internal/modules/customization_hooks').ModuleLoadContext} ModuleLoadContext;
- * @typedef {import('internal/modules/customization_hooks').ModuleLoadResult} ModuleLoadResult;
+ * @typedef {import('internal/modules/customization_hooks').ModuleLoadContext} ModuleLoadContext
+ * @typedef {import('internal/modules/customization_hooks').ModuleLoadResult} ModuleLoadResult
  */
 
 /**
@@ -1156,10 +1180,10 @@ function getDefaultLoad(url, filename) {
 /**
  * Load a specified builtin module, invoking load hooks if necessary.
  * @param {string} id The module ID (without the node: prefix)
- * @param {string} url  The module URL (with the node: prefix)
+ * @param {string} url The module URL (with the node: prefix)
  * @param {string} format Format from resolution.
  * @returns {any} If there are no load hooks or the load hooks do not override the format of the
- *                builtin, load and return the exports of the builtin. Otherwise, return undefined.
+ * builtin, load and return the exports of the builtin. Otherwise, return undefined.
  */
 function loadBuiltinWithHooks(id, url, format) {
   if (loadHooks.length) {
@@ -1188,6 +1212,7 @@ function loadBuiltinWithHooks(id, url, format) {
  * @param {string} request Specifier of module to load via `require`
  * @param {Module} parent Absolute path of the module importing the child
  * @param {boolean} isMain Whether the module is the main entry point
+ * @returns {object}
  */
 Module._load = function(request, parent, isMain) {
   let relResolveCacheIdentifier;
@@ -1318,6 +1343,7 @@ Module._load = function(request, parent, isMain) {
  * @typedef {object} ResolveFilenameOptions
  * @property {string[]} paths Paths to search for modules in
  * @property {string[]} conditions Conditions used for resolution.
+ * @returns {void|string}
  */
 Module._resolveFilename = function(request, parent, isMain, options) {
   if (BuiltinModule.normalizeRequirableId(request)) {
@@ -1415,6 +1441,7 @@ Module._resolveFilename = function(request, parent, isMain, options) {
  * @param {string} pkgPath The path of the package.json file
  * @throws {ERR_INVALID_MODULE_SPECIFIER} If the resolved module specifier contains encoded `/` or `\\` characters
  * @throws {Error} If the module cannot be found
+ * @returns {void|string|undefined}
  */
 function finalizeEsmResolution(resolved, parentPath, pkgPath) {
   const { encodedSepRegEx } = require('internal/modules/esm/resolve');
@@ -1427,14 +1454,14 @@ function finalizeEsmResolution(resolved, parentPath, pkgPath) {
   if (actual) {
     return actual;
   }
-  const err = createEsmNotFoundErr(filename, pkgPath);
-  throw err;
+  throw createEsmNotFoundErr(filename, pkgPath);
 }
 
 /**
  * Creates an error object for when a requested ES module cannot be found.
  * @param {string} request The name of the requested module
  * @param {string} [path] The path to the requested module
+ * @returns {Error}
  */
 function createEsmNotFoundErr(request, path) {
   // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
@@ -1450,6 +1477,7 @@ function createEsmNotFoundErr(request, path) {
 /**
  * Given a file name, pass it to the proper extension handler.
  * @param {string} filename The `require` specifier
+ * @returns {void}
  */
 Module.prototype.load = function(filename) {
   debug('load %j for module %j', filename, this.id);
@@ -1479,6 +1507,7 @@ Module.prototype.load = function(filename) {
  * Loads a module at the given file path. Returns that module's `exports` property.
  * @param {string} id
  * @throws {ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE} When `id` is not a string
+ * @returns {any}
  */
 Module.prototype.require = function(id) {
   validateString(id, 'id');
@@ -1620,6 +1649,7 @@ function loadESMFromCJS(mod, filename, format, source) {
  * @param {string} content The content of the file being loaded
  * @param {Module|undefined} cjsModuleInstance The CommonJS loader instance
  * @param {'commonjs'|undefined} format Intended format of the module.
+ * @returns {object}
  */
 function wrapSafe(filename, content, cjsModuleInstance, format) {
   assert(format !== 'module', 'ESM should be handled in loadESMFromCJS()');
@@ -1680,6 +1710,7 @@ function wrapSafe(filename, content, cjsModuleInstance, format) {
  * @param {string} filename The file path of the module
  * @param {'module'|'commonjs'|'commonjs-typescript'|'module-typescript'|'typescript'} format
  * Intended format of the module.
+ * @returns {any}
  */
 Module.prototype._compile = function(content, filename, format) {
   if (format === 'commonjs-typescript' || format === 'module-typescript' || format === 'typescript') {
@@ -1919,6 +1950,7 @@ Module._extensions['.json'] = function(module, filename) {
  * Native handler for `.node` files.
  * @param {Module} module The module to compile
  * @param {string} filename The file path of the module
+ * @returns {any}
  */
 Module._extensions['.node'] = function(module, filename) {
   // Be aware this doesn't use `content`
@@ -1928,6 +1960,7 @@ Module._extensions['.node'] = function(module, filename) {
 /**
  * Creates a `require` function that can be used to load modules from the specified path.
  * @param {string} filename The path to the module
+ * @returns {any}
  */
 function createRequireFromPath(filename) {
   // Allow a directory to be passed as the filename
@@ -1954,6 +1987,7 @@ const createRequireError = 'must be a file URL object, file URL string, or ' +
  * @param {string | URL} filename The path or URL to the module context for this `require`
  * @throws {ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE} If `filename` is not a string or URL, or if it is a relative path that cannot be
  * resolved to an absolute path.
+ * @returns {object}
  */
 function createRequire(filename) {
   let filepath;
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/customization_hooks.js b/lib/internal/modules/customization_hooks.js
index 7237318abec96f..3917184901a3db 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/customization_hooks.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/customization_hooks.js
@@ -28,29 +28,27 @@ let debug = require('internal/util/debuglog').debuglog('module_hooks', (fn) => {
 
 /**
  * @typedef {import('internal/modules/cjs/loader.js').Module} Module
- */
-/**
- * @typedef {(
+ * @typedef {((
  *   specifier: string,
  *   context: Partial<ModuleResolveContext>,
- * ) => ModuleResolveResult
+ * ) => ModuleResolveResult)
  * } NextResolve
- * @typedef {(
+ * @typedef {((
  *   specifier: string,
  *   context: ModuleResolveContext,
  *   nextResolve: NextResolve,
- * ) => ModuleResolveResult
+ * ) => ModuleResolveResult)
  * } ResolveHook
- * @typedef {(
+ * @typedef {((
  *   url: string,
  *   context: Partial<ModuleLoadContext>,
- * ) => ModuleLoadResult
+ * ) => ModuleLoadResult)
  * } NextLoad
- * @typedef {(
+ * @typedef {((
  *   url: string,
  *   context: ModuleLoadContext,
  *   nextLoad: NextLoad,
- * ) => ModuleLoadResult
+ * ) => ModuleLoadResult)
  * } LoadHook
  */
 
@@ -163,6 +161,8 @@ function convertURLToCJSFilename(url) {
  * @param {'load'|'resolve'} name Name of the hook in ModuleHooks.
  * @param {Function} defaultStep The default step in the chain.
  * @param {Function} validate A function that validates and sanitize the result returned by the chain.
+ * @param {object} mergedContext
+ * @returns {any}
  */
 function buildHooks(hooks, name, defaultStep, validate, mergedContext) {
   let lastRunIndex = hooks.length;
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ function buildHooks(hooks, name, defaultStep, validate, mergedContext) {
    * in order to fill in missing arguments or check returned results.
    * Due to the merging of the context, this must be a closure.
    * @param {number} index Index in the chain. Default step is 0, last added hook is 1,
-   *                       and so on.
+   * and so on.
    * @param {Function} userHookOrDefault Either the user hook or the default step to invoke.
    * @param {Function|undefined} next The next wrapped step. If this is the default step, it's undefined.
    * @returns {Function} Wrapped hook or default step.
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/assert.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/assert.js
index a8e564d6707285..d6fc45f17b39a6 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/esm/assert.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/esm/assert.js
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ const supportedTypeAttributes = ArrayPrototypeFilter(
  * @param {string} url The URL of the imported module, for error reporting.
  * @param {string} format One of Node's supported translators
  * @param {Record<string, string>} importAttributes Validations for the
- *                                                  module import.
+ * module import.
  * @returns {true}
  * @throws {TypeError} If the format and type attribute are incompatible.
  */
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/create_dynamic_module.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/create_dynamic_module.js
index e66f032e29f3af..068893ce4361f1 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/esm/create_dynamic_module.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/esm/create_dynamic_module.js
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ let debug = require('internal/util/debuglog').debuglog('esm', (fn) => {
  * Creates an import statement for a given module path and index.
  * @param {string} impt - The module path to import.
  * @param {number} index - The index of the import statement.
+ * @returns {string}
  */
 function createImport(impt, index) {
   const imptPath = JSONStringify(impt);
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ import.meta.imports[${imptPath}] = $import_${index};`;
  * Creates an export for a given module.
  * @param {string} expt - The name of the export.
  * @param {number} index - The index of the export statement.
+ * @returns {string}
  */
 function createExport(expt, index) {
   const nameStringLit = JSONStringify(expt);
@@ -41,12 +43,13 @@ import.meta.exports[${nameStringLit}] = {
  * Creates a dynamic module with the given imports, exports, URL, and evaluate function.
  * @param {string[]} imports - An array of imports.
  * @param {string[]} exports - An array of exports.
- * @param {string} [url=''] - The URL of the module.
+ * @param {string} [url] - The URL of the module.
  * @param {(reflect: DynamicModuleReflect) => void} evaluate - The function to evaluate the module.
  * @typedef {object} DynamicModuleReflect
  * @property {Record<string, Record<string, any>>} imports - The imports of the module.
  * @property {string[]} exports - The exports of the module.
  * @property {(cb: (reflect: DynamicModuleReflect) => void) => void} onReady - Callback to evaluate the module.
+ * @returns {object}
  */
 const createDynamicModule = (imports, exports, url = '', evaluate) => {
   debug('creating ESM facade for %s with exports: %j', url, exports);
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/formats.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/formats.js
index fc9f21c909cba1..d21ea5fa216425 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/esm/formats.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/esm/formats.js
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ function mimeToFormat(mime) {
  * JavaScript and Wasm.
  * We do this by taking advantage of the fact that all Wasm files start with the header `0x00 0x61 0x73 0x6d` (`_asm`).
  * @param {URL} url
+ * @returns {'wasm'|'module'}
  */
 function getFormatOfExtensionlessFile(url) {
   if (!experimentalWasmModules) { return 'module'; }
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/get_format.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/get_format.js
index 9fc5e67969abcf..01584983c16a2a 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/esm/get_format.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/esm/get_format.js
@@ -30,8 +30,9 @@ const protocolHandlers = {
 
 /**
  * Determine whether the given ambiguous source contains CommonJS or ES module syntax.
- * @param {string | Buffer | undefined} source
+ * @param {string | Buffer | undefined} [source]
  * @param {URL} url
+ * @returns {'module'|'commonjs'}
  */
 function detectModuleFormat(source, url) {
   if (!source) { return detectModule ? null : 'commonjs'; }
@@ -81,6 +82,7 @@ function extname(url) {
  * This function assumes that the input has already been verified to be a `file:` URL,
  * and is a file rather than a folder.
  * @param {URL} url
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function underNodeModules(url) {
   if (url.protocol !== 'file:') { return false; } // We determine module types for other protocols based on MIME header
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/hooks.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/hooks.js
index 4571922ed5a0e9..f12dffdfe0586a 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/esm/hooks.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/esm/hooks.js
@@ -190,10 +190,10 @@ class Hooks {
    * hooks starts at the top and each call to `nextResolve()` moves down 1 step
    * until it reaches the bottom or short-circuits.
    * @param {string} originalSpecifier The specified URL path of the module to
-   *                                   be resolved.
+   * be resolved.
    * @param {string} [parentURL] The URL path of the module's parent.
    * @param {ImportAttributes} [importAttributes] Attributes from the import
-   *                                              statement or expression.
+   * statement or expression.
    * @returns {Promise<{ format: string, url: URL['href'] }>}
    */
   async resolve(
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ class HooksProxy {
    * Invoke a remote method asynchronously.
    * @param {string} method Method to invoke
    * @param {any[]} [transferList] Objects in `args` to be transferred
-   * @param  {any[]} args Arguments to pass to `method`
+   * @param {any[]} args Arguments to pass to `method`
    * @returns {Promise<any>}
    */
   async makeAsyncRequest(method, transferList, ...args) {
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ class HooksProxy {
    * Invoke a remote method synchronously.
    * @param {string} method Method to invoke
    * @param {any[]} [transferList] Objects in `args` to be transferred
-   * @param  {any[]} args Arguments to pass to `method`
+   * @param {any[]} args Arguments to pass to `method`
    * @returns {any}
    */
   makeSyncRequest(method, transferList, ...args) {
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ let globalPreloadWarningWasEmitted = false;
 
 /**
  * A utility function to pluck the hooks from a user-defined loader.
- * @param {import('./loader.js).ModuleExports} exports
+ * @param {import('./loader.js').ModuleExports} exports
  * @returns {ExportedHooks}
  */
 function pluckHooks({
@@ -694,13 +694,13 @@ function pluckHooks({
  * @param {boolean} meta.chainFinished Whether the end of the chain has been
  * reached AND invoked.
  * @param {string} meta.hookErrIdentifier A user-facing identifier to help
- *  pinpoint where an error occurred. Ex "file:///foo.mjs 'resolve'".
+ * pinpoint where an error occurred. Ex "file:///foo.mjs 'resolve'".
  * @param {string} meta.hookName The kind of hook the chain is (ex 'resolve')
  * @param {boolean} meta.shortCircuited Whether a hook signaled a short-circuit.
- * @param {(hookErrIdentifier, hookArgs) => void} validate A wrapper function
- *  containing all validation of a custom loader hook's intermediary output. Any
- *  validation within MUST throw.
- * @returns {function next<HookName>(...hookArgs)} The next hook in the chain.
+ * @param {function(string, unknown): void} validate A wrapper function
+ * containing all validation of a custom loader hook's intermediary output. Any
+ * validation within MUST throw.
+ * @returns {Function} The next hook in the chain.
  */
 function nextHookFactory(current, meta, { validateArgs, validateOutput }) {
   // First, prepare the current
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/initialize_import_meta.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/initialize_import_meta.js
index 5c9390faa81387..e3763f28dbf9cf 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/esm/initialize_import_meta.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/esm/initialize_import_meta.js
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ function createImportMetaResolve(defaultParentURL, loader, allowParentURL) {
    * @param {string} specifier
    * @param {URL['href']} [parentURL] When `--experimental-import-meta-resolve` is specified, a
    * second argument can be provided.
+   * @returns {string}
    */
   return function resolve(specifier, parentURL = defaultParentURL) {
     let url;
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/load.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/load.js
index 9661bc716bfa76..b782a385d1508d 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/esm/load.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/esm/load.js
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ function throwIfUnsupportedURLScheme(parsed) {
  * This could happen from either a custom user loader _or_ from the default loader, because the default loader tries to
  * determine formats for data URLs.
  * @param {string} url The resolved URL of the module
- * @param {null | undefined | false | 0 | -0 | 0n | ''} format Falsy format returned from `load`
+ * @param {(null|undefined|false|0|'')} format Falsy format returned from `load`
  */
 function throwUnknownModuleFormat(url, format) {
   const dataUrl = RegExpPrototypeExec(
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/loader.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/loader.js
index f05d863919b751..27b16df0599c84 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/esm/loader.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/esm/loader.js
@@ -298,9 +298,9 @@ class ModuleLoader {
   /**
    * Get a (possibly not yet fully linked) module job from the cache, or create one and return its Promise.
    * @param {string} specifier The module request of the module to be resolved. Typically, what's
-   *                           requested by `import '<specifier>'` or `import('<specifier>')`.
+   * requested by `import '<specifier>'` or `import('<specifier>')`.
    * @param {string} [parentURL] The URL of the module where the module request is initiated.
-   *                             It's undefined if it's from the root module.
+   * It's undefined if it's from the root module.
    * @param {ImportAttributes} importAttributes Attributes from the import statement or expression.
    * @param {number} phase Import phase.
    * @returns {Promise<ModuleJobBase>}
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ class ModuleLoader {
    * but the translator may return the ModuleWrap in a Promise.
    * @param {string} url URL of the module to be translated.
    * @param {string} format Format of the module to be translated. This is used to find
-   *                        matching translators.
+   * matching translators.
    * @param {ModuleSource} source Source of the module to be translated.
    * @param {boolean} isMain Whether the module to be translated is the entry point.
    * @returns {ModuleWrap | Promise<ModuleWrap>}
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ class ModuleLoader {
    * @param {string} [parentURL] See {@link getModuleJobForImport}
    * @param {string} [format] The format hint possibly returned by the `resolve` hook
    * @param {boolean} isForRequireInImportedCJS Whether this module job is created for require()
-   *                                            in imported CJS.
+   * in imported CJS.
    * @returns {ModuleJobBase} The (possibly pending) module job
    */
   #createModuleJob(url, importAttributes, phase, parentURL, format, isForRequireInImportedCJS) {
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ class ModuleLoader {
    * @param {string} specifier The first parameter of an `import()` expression.
    * @param {string} parentURL Path of the parent importing the module.
    * @param {Record<string, string>} importAttributes Validations for the
-   *                                                  module import.
+   * module import.
    * @param {number} [phase] The phase of the import.
    * @param {boolean} [isEntryPoint] Whether this is the realm-level entry point.
    * @returns {Promise<ModuleExports>}
@@ -673,6 +673,7 @@ class ModuleLoader {
 
   /**
    * @see {@link CustomizedModuleLoader.register}
+   * @returns {any}
    */
   register(specifier, parentURL, data, transferList, isInternal) {
     if (!this.#customizations) {
@@ -689,10 +690,9 @@ class ModuleLoader {
    * Resolve a module request to a URL identifying the location of the module. Handles customization hooks,
    * if any.
    * @param {string|URL} specifier The module request of the module to be resolved. Typically, what's
-   *                               requested by `import specifier`, `import(specifier)` or
-   *                               `import.meta.resolve(specifier)`.
+   * requested by `import specifier`, `import(specifier)` or `import.meta.resolve(specifier)`.
    * @param {string} [parentURL] The URL of the module where the module request is initiated.
-   *                             It's undefined if it's from the root module.
+   * It's undefined if it's from the root module.
    * @param {ImportAttributes} importAttributes Attributes from the import statement or expression.
    * @returns {Promise<{format: string, url: string}>}
    */
@@ -787,6 +787,7 @@ class ModuleLoader {
    * Our `defaultResolve` is synchronous and can be used in both
    * `resolve` and `resolveSync`. This function is here just to avoid
    * repeating the same code block twice in those functions.
+   * @returns {string}
    */
   defaultResolve(originalSpecifier, parentURL, importAttributes) {
     defaultResolve ??= require('internal/modules/esm/resolve').defaultResolve;
@@ -896,9 +897,9 @@ class CustomizedModuleLoader {
   /**
    * Register some loader specifier.
    * @param {string} originalSpecifier The specified URL path of the loader to
-   *                                   be registered.
+   * be registered.
    * @param {string} parentURL The parent URL from where the loader will be
-   *                           registered if using it package name as specifier
+   * registered if using it package name as specifier
    * @param {any} [data] Arbitrary data to be passed from the custom loader
    * (user-land) to the worker.
    * @param {any[]} [transferList] Objects in `data` that are changing ownership
@@ -912,10 +913,10 @@ class CustomizedModuleLoader {
   /**
    * Resolve the location of the module.
    * @param {string} originalSpecifier The specified URL path of the module to
-   *                                   be resolved.
+   * be resolved.
    * @param {string} [parentURL] The URL path of the module's parent.
    * @param {ImportAttributes} importAttributes Attributes from the import
-   *                                            statement or expression.
+   * statement or expression.
    * @returns {{ format: string, url: URL['href'] }}
    */
   resolve(originalSpecifier, parentURL, importAttributes) {
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/module_job.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/module_job.js
index 51aa863dd615f5..30321523451f0a 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/esm/module_job.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/esm/module_job.js
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ class ModuleJob extends ModuleJobBase {
    * @param {number} phase The phase to load the module to.
    * @param {boolean} isMain Whether the module is the entry point.
    * @param {boolean} inspectBrk Whether this module should be evaluated with the
-   *                             first line paused in the debugger (because --inspect-brk is passed).
+   * first line paused in the debugger (because --inspect-brk is passed).
    * @param {boolean} isForRequireInImportedCJS Whether this is created for require() in imported CJS.
    */
   constructor(loader, url, importAttributes = { __proto__: null }, moduleOrModulePromise,
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ class ModuleJobSync extends ModuleJobBase {
    * @param {number} phase The phase to load the module to.
    * @param {boolean} isMain Whether the module is the entry point.
    * @param {boolean} inspectBrk Whether this module should be evaluated with the
-   *                             first line paused in the debugger (because --inspect-brk is passed).
+   * first line paused in the debugger (because --inspect-brk is passed).
    */
   constructor(loader, url, importAttributes, moduleWrap, phase = kEvaluationPhase, isMain,
               inspectBrk) {
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/module_map.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/module_map.js
index 0040ff5f5d1598..0e411bed7f8ba1 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/esm/module_map.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/esm/module_map.js
@@ -72,12 +72,18 @@ class ResolveCache extends SafeMap {
    * @param {string} serializedKey
    * @param {string} parentURL
    * @param {{ format: string, url: URL['href'] }} result
+   * @returns {ResolveCache}
    */
   set(serializedKey, parentURL, result) {
     this.#getModuleCachedImports(parentURL)[serializedKey] = result;
     return this;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * @param {string} serializedKey
+   * @param {URL|string} parentURL
+   * @returns {boolean}
+   */
   has(serializedKey, parentURL) {
     return serializedKey in this.#getModuleCachedImports(parentURL);
   }
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/resolve.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/resolve.js
index 859b6bfedac4bb..72c836948dccdb 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/esm/resolve.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/esm/resolve.js
@@ -550,6 +550,7 @@ function resolvePackageTarget(packageJSONUrl, target, subpath, packageSubpath,
  * @param {import('internal/modules/esm/package_config.js').PackageConfig['exports']} exports
  * @param {URL} packageJSONUrl The URL of the package.json file.
  * @param {string | URL | undefined} base The base URL.
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function isConditionalExportsMainSugar(exports, packageJSONUrl, base) {
   if (typeof exports === 'string' || ArrayIsArray(exports)) { return true; }
@@ -787,6 +788,7 @@ function packageResolve(specifier, base, conditions) {
 /**
  * Checks if a specifier is a bare specifier.
  * @param {string} specifier - The specifier to check.
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function isBareSpecifier(specifier) {
   return specifier[0] && specifier[0] !== '/' && specifier[0] !== '.';
@@ -795,6 +797,7 @@ function isBareSpecifier(specifier) {
 /**
  * Determines whether a specifier is a relative path.
  * @param {string} specifier - The specifier to check.
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function isRelativeSpecifier(specifier) {
   if (specifier[0] === '.') {
@@ -809,6 +812,7 @@ function isRelativeSpecifier(specifier) {
 /**
  * Determines whether a specifier should be treated as a relative or absolute path.
  * @param {string} specifier - The specifier to check.
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function shouldBeTreatedAsRelativeOrAbsolutePath(specifier) {
   if (specifier === '') { return false; }
@@ -822,6 +826,7 @@ function shouldBeTreatedAsRelativeOrAbsolutePath(specifier) {
  * @param {string | URL | undefined} base - The base URL to resolve against.
  * @param {Set<string>} conditions - An object containing environment conditions.
  * @param {boolean} preserveSymlinks - Whether to preserve symlinks in the resolved URL.
+ * @returns {URL}
  */
 function moduleResolve(specifier, base, conditions, preserveSymlinks) {
   const protocol = typeof base === 'string' ?
@@ -917,6 +922,7 @@ function resolveAsCommonJS(specifier, parentURL) {
 /**
  * Validate user-input in `context` supplied by a custom loader.
  * @param {string | URL | undefined} parentURL - The parent URL.
+ * @returns {void}
  */
 function throwIfInvalidParentURL(parentURL) {
   if (parentURL === undefined) {
@@ -931,9 +937,10 @@ function throwIfInvalidParentURL(parentURL) {
  * Resolves the given specifier using the provided context, which includes the parent URL and conditions.
  * Attempts to resolve the specifier and returns the resulting URL and format.
  * @param {string} specifier - The specifier to resolve.
- * @param {object} [context={}] - The context object containing the parent URL and conditions.
+ * @param {object} [context] - The context object containing the parent URL and conditions.
  * @param {string} [context.parentURL] - The URL of the parent module.
  * @param {string[]} [context.conditions] - The conditions for resolving the specifier.
+ * @returns {{url: string, format?: string}}
  */
 function defaultResolve(specifier, context = {}) {
   let { parentURL, conditions } = context;
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/translators.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/translators.js
index 4d731d03ccbbe1..5020eeba66f229 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/esm/translators.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/esm/translators.js
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ exports.translators = translators;
 /**
  * Converts a URL to a file path if the URL protocol is 'file:'.
  * @param {string} url - The URL to convert.
+ * @returns {string|URL}
  */
 function errPath(url) {
   const parsed = new URL(url);
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ const cjsCache = new SafeMap();
  * @param {string} source - The source code of the module.
  * @param {boolean} isMain - Whether the module is the main module.
  * @param {string} format - Format of the module.
- * @param {typeof loadCJSModule} [loadCJS=loadCJSModule] - The function to load the CommonJS module.
+ * @param {typeof loadCJSModule} [loadCJS] - The function to load the CommonJS module.
  * @returns {ModuleWrap} The ModuleWrap object for the CommonJS module.
  */
 function createCJSModuleWrap(url, source, isMain, format, loadCJS = loadCJSModule) {
@@ -351,6 +352,7 @@ function cjsEmplaceModuleCacheEntry(filename, exportNames) {
  * @param {string} filename - The filename of the module.
  * @param {string} [source] - The source code of the module.
  * @param {string} [format]
+ * @returns {{module: CJSModule, exportNames: string[]}}
  */
 function cjsPreparseModuleExports(filename, source, format) {
   const module = cjsEmplaceModuleCacheEntry(filename);
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/utils.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/utils.js
index ec6f1f676ec940..ccba24ee2db9ea 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/esm/utils.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/esm/utils.js
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ const {
 let defaultConditions;
 /**
  * Returns the default conditions for ES module loading.
+ * @returns {object}
  */
 function getDefaultConditions() {
   assert(defaultConditions !== undefined);
@@ -62,6 +63,7 @@ function getDefaultConditions() {
 let defaultConditionsSet;
 /**
  * Returns the default conditions for ES module loading, as a Set.
+ * @returns {Set<any>}
  */
 function getDefaultConditionsSet() {
   assert(defaultConditionsSet !== undefined);
@@ -71,6 +73,7 @@ function getDefaultConditionsSet() {
 /**
  * Initializes the default conditions for ESM module loading.
  * This function is called during pre-execution, before any user code is run.
+ * @returns {void}
  */
 function initializeDefaultConditions() {
   const userConditions = getOptionValue('--conditions');
@@ -102,9 +105,10 @@ function getConditionsSet(conditions) {
   return getDefaultConditionsSet();
 }
 
+/* eslint-disable jsdoc/valid-types */
 /**
  * @typedef {{
- *   [Symbol.toStringTag]: 'Module',
+ *   [Symbol.toStringTag]: () => 'Module'
  * }} ModuleNamespaceObject
  */
 
@@ -161,8 +165,8 @@ const moduleRegistries = new SafeWeakMap();
  * 2 is only there so that we can get the id symbol to configure the
  * weak map.
  * @param {Referrer} referrer The referrer to
- *   get the id symbol from. This is different from callbackReferrer which
- *   could be set by the caller.
+ * get the id symbol from. This is different from callbackReferrer which
+ * could be set by the caller.
  * @param {ModuleRegistry} registry
  */
 function registerModule(referrer, registry) {
@@ -186,6 +190,7 @@ function registerModule(referrer, registry) {
  * Proxy the import meta handling to the default loader for source text modules.
  * @param {Record<string, string | Function>} meta - The import.meta object to initialize.
  * @param {ModuleWrap} wrap - The ModuleWrap of the SourceTextModule where `import.meta` is referenced.
+ * @returns {object}
  */
 function defaultInitializeImportMetaForModule(meta, wrap) {
   const cascadedLoader = require('internal/modules/esm/loader').getOrInitializeCascadedLoader();
@@ -283,7 +288,7 @@ let _forceDefaultLoader = false;
  * Initializes handling of ES modules.
  * This is configured during pre-execution. Specifically it's set to true for
  * the loader worker in internal/main/worker_thread.js.
- * @param {boolean} [forceDefaultLoader=false] - A boolean indicating disabling custom loaders.
+ * @param {boolean} [forceDefaultLoader] - A boolean indicating disabling custom loaders.
  */
 function initializeESM(forceDefaultLoader = false) {
   _forceDefaultLoader = forceDefaultLoader;
@@ -305,6 +310,7 @@ function forceDefaultLoader() {
 
 /**
  * Register module customization hooks.
+ * @returns {Promise<any>}
  */
 async function initializeHooks() {
   const customLoaderURLs = getOptionValue('--experimental-loader');
@@ -342,7 +348,7 @@ async function initializeHooks() {
  * @param {string} url URL of the module.
  * @param {string} source Source code of the module.
  * @param {typeof import('./loader.js').ModuleLoader|undefined} cascadedLoader If provided,
- *        register the module for default handling.
+ * register the module for default handling.
  * @param {{ isMain?: boolean }|undefined} context - context object containing module metadata.
  * @returns {ModuleWrap}
  */
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/esm/worker.js b/lib/internal/modules/esm/worker.js
index 0213df7a92a0eb..fda0827658b64d 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/esm/worker.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/esm/worker.js
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ const { isMarkedAsUntransferable } = require('internal/buffer');
 /**
  * Transfers an ArrayBuffer, TypedArray, or DataView to a worker thread.
  * @param {boolean} hasError - Whether an error occurred during transfer.
- * @param {ArrayBuffer | TypedArray | DataView} source - The data to transfer.
+ * @param {ArrayBuffer[] | TypedArray | DataView} source - The data to transfer.
+ * @returns {ArrayBuffer[]|undefined}
  */
 function transferArrayBuffer(hasError, source) {
   if (hasError || source == null) { return; }
@@ -51,7 +52,8 @@ function transferArrayBuffer(hasError, source) {
 /**
  * Wraps a message with a status and body, and serializes the body if necessary.
  * @param {string} status - The status of the message.
- * @param {unknown} body - The body of the message.
+ * @param {any} body - The body of the message.
+ * @returns {{status: string, body: any}}
  */
 function wrapMessage(status, body) {
   if (status === 'success' || body === null ||
@@ -235,6 +237,7 @@ async function customizedModuleWorker(lock, syncCommPort, errorHandler) {
  * ! Run everything possible within this function so errors get reported.
  * @param {{lock: SharedArrayBuffer}} workerData - The lock used to synchronize with the main thread.
  * @param {MessagePort} syncCommPort - The communication port used to communicate with the main thread.
+ * @returns {object}
  */
 module.exports = function setupModuleWorker(workerData, syncCommPort) {
   const lock = new Int32Array(workerData.lock);
@@ -242,7 +245,7 @@ module.exports = function setupModuleWorker(workerData, syncCommPort) {
   /**
    * Handles errors that occur in the worker thread.
    * @param {Error} err - The error that occurred.
-   * @param {string} [origin='unhandledRejection'] - The origin of the error.
+   * @param {string} [origin] - The origin of the error.
    */
   function errorHandler(err, origin = 'unhandledRejection') {
     AtomicsAdd(lock, WORKER_TO_MAIN_THREAD_NOTIFICATION, 1);
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/helpers.js b/lib/internal/modules/helpers.js
index c3122118cab75d..b0ab70f283e67c 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/helpers.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/helpers.js
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ const realpathCache = new SafeMap();
 /**
  * Resolves the path of a given `require` specifier, following symlinks.
  * @param {string} requestPath The `require` specifier
+ * @returns {string}
  */
 function toRealPath(requestPath) {
   return fs.realpathSync(requestPath, {
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ function toRealPath(requestPath) {
 let cjsConditions;
 /**
  * Define the conditions that apply to the CommonJS loader.
+ * @returns {void}
  */
 function initializeCjsConditions() {
   const userConditions = getOptionValue('--conditions');
@@ -86,6 +88,7 @@ function initializeCjsConditions() {
 
 /**
  * Get the conditions that apply to the CommonJS loader.
+ * @returns {Set<string>}
  */
 function getCjsConditions() {
   if (cjsConditions === undefined) {
@@ -97,6 +100,7 @@ function getCjsConditions() {
 /**
  * Provide one of Node.js' public modules to user code.
  * @param {string} id - The identifier/specifier of the builtin module to load
+ * @returns {object|undefined}
  */
 function loadBuiltinModule(id) {
   if (!BuiltinModule.canBeRequiredByUsers(id)) {
@@ -114,6 +118,7 @@ function loadBuiltinModule(id) {
 let $Module = null;
 /**
  * Import the Module class on first use.
+ * @returns {object}
  */
 function lazyModule() {
   return $Module ??= require('internal/modules/cjs/loader').Module;
@@ -122,7 +127,7 @@ function lazyModule() {
 /**
  * Create the module-scoped `require` function to pass into CommonJS modules.
  * @param {Module} mod - The module to create the `require` function for.
- * @typedef {(specifier: string) => unknown} RequireFunction
+ * @returns {function(string): unknown}
  */
 function makeRequireFunction(mod) {
   // lazy due to cycle
@@ -139,6 +144,7 @@ function makeRequireFunction(mod) {
    * The `resolve` method that gets attached to module-scope `require`.
    * @param {string} request
    * @param {Parameters<Module['_resolveFilename']>[3]} options
+   * @returns {string}
    */
   function resolve(request, options) {
     validateString(request, 'request');
@@ -150,6 +156,7 @@ function makeRequireFunction(mod) {
   /**
    * The `paths` method that gets attached to module-scope `require`.
    * @param {string} request
+   * @returns {object}
    */
   function paths(request) {
     validateString(request, 'request');
@@ -173,6 +180,7 @@ function makeRequireFunction(mod) {
  * because the buffer-to-string conversion in `fs.readFileSync()`
  * translates it to FEFF, the UTF-16 BOM.
  * @param {string} content
+ * @returns {string}
  */
 function stripBOM(content) {
   if (StringPrototypeCharCodeAt(content) === 0xFEFF) {
@@ -274,9 +282,9 @@ function normalizeReferrerURL(referrerName) {
   assert.fail('Unreachable code reached by ' + inspect(referrerName));
 }
 
-
 /**
  * @param {string|undefined} url URL to convert to filename
+ * @returns {string|undefined}
  */
 function urlToFilename(url) {
   if (url && StringPrototypeStartsWith(url, 'file://')) {
@@ -314,6 +322,7 @@ function getBuiltinModule(id) {
 let _TYPES = null;
 /**
  * Lazily loads and returns the internal/util/types module.
+ * @returns {object}
  */
 function lazyTypes() {
   if (_TYPES !== null) { return _TYPES; }
@@ -328,6 +337,7 @@ function lazyTypes() {
  * @param {boolean} allowString - Whether or not to allow a string as a valid buffer source.
  * @param {string} hookName - The name of the hook being called.
  * @throws {ERR_INVALID_RETURN_PROPERTY_VALUE} If the body is not a buffer source.
+ * @returns {void}
  */
 function assertBufferSource(body, allowString, hookName) {
   if (allowString && typeof body === 'string') {
@@ -394,7 +404,7 @@ ObjectFreeze(constants);
 /**
  * Get the compile cache directory if on-disk compile cache is enabled.
  * @returns {string|undefined} Path to the module compile cache directory if it is enabled,
- *                             or undefined otherwise.
+ * or undefined otherwise.
  */
 function getCompileCacheDir() {
   return _getCompileCacheDir() || undefined;
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/package_json_reader.js b/lib/internal/modules/package_json_reader.js
index 47b248c2ae6306..7f41dd43eb81e4 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/package_json_reader.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/package_json_reader.js
@@ -172,6 +172,7 @@ function getPackageScopeConfig(resolved) {
 /**
  * Returns the package type for a given URL.
  * @param {URL} url - The URL to get the package type for.
+ * @returns {string}
  */
 function getPackageType(url) {
   const type = modulesBinding.getPackageType(`${url}`);
@@ -183,6 +184,7 @@ const invalidPackageNameRegEx = /^\.|%|\\/;
  * Parse a package name from a specifier.
  * @param {string} specifier - The import specifier.
  * @param {string | URL | undefined} base - The parent URL.
+ * @returns {object}
  */
 function parsePackageName(specifier, base) {
   let separatorIndex = StringPrototypeIndexOf(specifier, '/');
@@ -258,8 +260,9 @@ function getPackageJSONURL(specifier, base) {
 /** @type {import('./esm/resolve.js').defaultResolve} */
 let defaultResolve;
 /**
- * @param {URL['href'] | string | URL} specifier The location for which to get the "root" package.json
- * @param {URL['href'] | string | URL} [base] The location of the current module (ex file://tmp/foo.js).
+ * @param {string | URL} specifier The location for which to get the "root" package.json
+ * @param {string | URL} [base] The location of the current module (ex file://tmp/foo.js).
+ * @returns {string}
  */
 function findPackageJSON(specifier, base = 'data:') {
   if (arguments.length === 0) {
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/run_main.js b/lib/internal/modules/run_main.js
index 48ea74f2a79ef5..2a9ef56d156808 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/run_main.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/run_main.js
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ const {
 /**
  * Get the absolute path to the main entry point.
  * @param {string} main - Entry point path
+ * @returns {string|undefined}
  */
 function resolveMainPath(main) {
   /** @type {string} */
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ function resolveMainPath(main) {
 /**
  * Determine whether the main entry point should be loaded through the ESM Loader.
  * @param {string} mainPath - Absolute path to the main entry point
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function shouldUseESMLoader(mainPath) {
   /**
diff --git a/lib/internal/navigator.js b/lib/internal/navigator.js
index dcfd0dfc34cdab..7c245c3643ddc7 100644
--- a/lib/internal/navigator.js
+++ b/lib/internal/navigator.js
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class Navigator {
   }
 
   /**
-   * @return {number}
+   * @returns {number}
    */
   get hardwareConcurrency() {
     this.#availableParallelism ??= getAvailableParallelism();
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class Navigator {
   }
 
   /**
-   * @return {string}
+   * @returns {string}
    */
   get language() {
     // The default locale might be changed dynamically, so always invoke the
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class Navigator {
   }
 
   /**
-   * @return {Array<string>}
+   * @returns {Array<string>}
    */
   get languages() {
     this.#languages ??= ObjectFreeze([this.language]);
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ class Navigator {
   }
 
   /**
-   * @return {string}
+   * @returns {string}
    */
   get userAgent() {
     this.#userAgent ??= `Node.js/${StringPrototypeSlice(nodeVersion, 1, StringPrototypeIndexOf(nodeVersion, '.'))}`;
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ class Navigator {
   }
 
   /**
-   * @return {string}
+   * @returns {string}
    */
   get platform() {
     this.#platform ??= getNavigatorPlatform(arch, platform);
diff --git a/lib/internal/net.js b/lib/internal/net.js
index 3f4c6bd944c085..4e6accb57a4297 100644
--- a/lib/internal/net.js
+++ b/lib/internal/net.js
@@ -30,6 +30,10 @@ const IPv6Reg = new RegExp('^(?:' +
   `(?::(?:(?::${v6Seg}){0,5}:${v4Str}|(?::${v6Seg}){1,7}|:))` +
 ')(?:%[0-9a-zA-Z-.:]{1,})?$');
 
+/**
+ * @param {string} s
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
 function isIPv4(s) {
   // TODO(aduh95): Replace RegExpPrototypeTest with RegExpPrototypeExec when it
   // no longer creates a perf regression in the dns benchmark.
@@ -37,6 +41,10 @@ function isIPv4(s) {
   return RegExpPrototypeTest(IPv4Reg, s);
 }
 
+/**
+ * @param {string} s
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
 function isIPv6(s) {
   // TODO(aduh95): Replace RegExpPrototypeTest with RegExpPrototypeExec when it
   // no longer creates a perf regression in the dns benchmark.
@@ -44,6 +52,10 @@ function isIPv6(s) {
   return RegExpPrototypeTest(IPv6Reg, s);
 }
 
+/**
+ * @param {string} s
+ * @returns {4|6|0}
+ */
 function isIP(s) {
   if (isIPv4(s)) return 4;
   if (isIPv6(s)) return 6;
@@ -72,6 +84,8 @@ function makeSyncWrite(fd) {
  * https://www.iana.org/assignments/iana-ipv4-special-registry/iana-ipv4-special-registry.xhtml
  * https://www.iana.org/assignments/iana-ipv6-special-registry/iana-ipv6-special-registry.xhtml
  * https://www.iana.org/assignments/special-use-domain-names/special-use-domain-names.xhtml
+ * @param {string} host
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function isLoopback(host) {
   const hostLower = host.toLowerCase();
diff --git a/lib/internal/per_context/primordials.js b/lib/internal/per_context/primordials.js
index 9851f3f64f6e56..31ad2f4473b5eb 100644
--- a/lib/internal/per_context/primordials.js
+++ b/lib/internal/per_context/primordials.js
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ const SafePromise = makeSafe(
  * Prefer using async functions when possible.
  * @param {Promise<any>} thisPromise
  * @param {(() => void) | undefined | null} onFinally The callback to execute
- *        when the Promise is settled (fulfilled or rejected).
+ * when the Promise is settled (fulfilled or rejected).
  * @returns {Promise} A Promise for the completion of the callback.
  */
 primordials.SafePromisePrototypeFinally = (thisPromise, onFinally) =>
diff --git a/lib/internal/process/pre_execution.js b/lib/internal/process/pre_execution.js
index 8877184fcc54df..319b73466e4b61 100644
--- a/lib/internal/process/pre_execution.js
+++ b/lib/internal/process/pre_execution.js
@@ -209,6 +209,7 @@ function refreshRuntimeOptions() {
  * Replace `process.argv[1]` with the resolved absolute file path of the entry point, if found.
  * @param {boolean} expandArgv1 - Whether to replace `process.argv[1]` with the resolved absolute file path of
  * the main entry point.
+ * @returns {string}
  */
 function patchProcessObject(expandArgv1) {
   const binding = internalBinding('process_methods');
diff --git a/lib/internal/quic/quic.js b/lib/internal/quic/quic.js
index 0db8d5758fabd9..379a94c38b7d42 100644
--- a/lib/internal/quic/quic.js
+++ b/lib/internal/quic/quic.js
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ const onSessionHandshakeChannel = dc.channel('quic.session.handshake');
 
 /**
  * @callback OnBlockedCallback
- * @this {QuicStream} stream
+ * @this {QuicStream}
  * @returns {void}
  */
 
@@ -1892,6 +1892,7 @@ function readOnlyConstant(value) {
 
 /**
  * @param {EndpointOptions} endpoint
+ * @returns {{ endpoint: Endpoint_, created: boolean }}
  */
 function processEndpointOption(endpoint) {
   if (endpoint === undefined) {
@@ -1914,6 +1915,8 @@ function processEndpointOption(endpoint) {
 
 /**
  * @param {SessionOptions} tls
+ * @param {boolean} forServer
+ * @returns {object}
  */
 function processTlsOptions(tls, forServer) {
   const {
diff --git a/lib/internal/readline/interface.js b/lib/internal/readline/interface.js
index 4a9272c0950243..5ebfa44ecba068 100644
--- a/lib/internal/readline/interface.js
+++ b/lib/internal/readline/interface.js
@@ -1543,11 +1543,7 @@ class Interface extends InterfaceConstructor {
   /**
    * Creates an `AsyncIterator` object that iterates through
    * each line in the input stream as a string.
-   * @typedef {{
-   *   [Symbol.asyncIterator]: () => InterfaceAsyncIterator,
-   *   next: () => Promise<string>
-   * }} InterfaceAsyncIterator
-   * @returns {InterfaceAsyncIterator}
+   * @returns {AsyncIterableIterator<string>}
    */
   [SymbolAsyncIterator]() {
     if (this[kLineObjectStream] === undefined) {
diff --git a/lib/internal/readline/promises.js b/lib/internal/readline/promises.js
index 7355dcfbfecd0f..4e50f5192bcbb0 100644
--- a/lib/internal/readline/promises.js
+++ b/lib/internal/readline/promises.js
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ class Readline {
   /**
    * Clears the current line the cursor is on.
    * @param {-1|0|1} dir Direction to clear:
-   *   -1 for left of the cursor
-   *   +1 for right of the cursor
-   *    0 for the entire line
+   * -1 for left of the cursor
+   * +1 for right of the cursor
+   * 0 for the entire line
    * @returns {Readline} this
    */
   clearLine(dir) {
diff --git a/lib/internal/source_map/source_map.js b/lib/internal/source_map/source_map.js
index c5f7c3c5918ae9..bd72e7adddb489 100644
--- a/lib/internal/source_map/source_map.js
+++ b/lib/internal/source_map/source_map.js
@@ -88,7 +88,6 @@ const kMappings = Symbol('kMappings');
 
 class StringCharIterator {
   /**
-   * @constructor
    * @param {string} string
    */
   constructor(string) {
@@ -97,21 +96,21 @@ class StringCharIterator {
   }
 
   /**
-   * @return {string}
+   * @returns {string}
    */
   next() {
     return StringPrototypeCharAt(this._string, this._position++);
   }
 
   /**
-   * @return {string}
+   * @returns {string}
    */
   peek() {
     return StringPrototypeCharAt(this._string, this._position);
   }
 
   /**
-   * @return {boolean}
+   * @returns {boolean}
    */
   hasNext() {
     return this._position < this._string.length;
@@ -119,6 +118,7 @@ class StringCharIterator {
 }
 
 /**
+ * @class
  * Implements Source Map V3 model.
  * See https://github.com/google/closure-compiler/wiki/Source-Maps
  * for format description.
@@ -131,7 +131,6 @@ class SourceMap {
   #lineLengths = undefined;
 
   /**
-   * @constructor
    * @param {SourceMapV3} payload
    */
   constructor(payload, { lineLengths } = { __proto__: null }) {
@@ -150,7 +149,7 @@ class SourceMap {
   }
 
   /**
-   * @return {object} raw source map v3 payload.
+   * @returns {object} raw source map v3 payload.
    */
   get payload() {
     return cloneSourceMapV3(this.#payload);
@@ -161,7 +160,7 @@ class SourceMap {
   }
 
   /**
-   * @return {number[] | undefined} line lengths of generated source code
+   * @returns {number[] | undefined} line lengths of generated source code
    */
   get lineLengths() {
     if (this.#lineLengths) {
@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ class SourceMap {
   /**
    * @param {number} lineOffset 0-indexed line offset in compiled resource
    * @param {number} columnOffset 0-indexed column offset in compiled resource
-   * @return {object} representing start of range if found, or empty object
+   * @returns {object} representing start of range if found, or empty object
    */
   findEntry(lineOffset, columnOffset) {
     let first = 0;
@@ -229,7 +228,7 @@ class SourceMap {
   /**
    * @param {number} lineNumber 1-indexed line number in compiled resource call site
    * @param {number} columnNumber 1-indexed column number in compiled resource call site
-   * @return {object} representing origin call site if found, or empty object
+   * @returns {object} representing origin call site if found, or empty object
    */
   findOrigin(lineNumber, columnNumber) {
     const range = this.findEntry(lineNumber - 1, columnNumber - 1);
@@ -319,7 +318,7 @@ class SourceMap {
 
 /**
  * @param {string} char
- * @return {boolean}
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function isSeparator(char) {
   return char === ',' || char === ';';
@@ -327,7 +326,7 @@ function isSeparator(char) {
 
 /**
  * @param {SourceMap.StringCharIterator} stringCharIterator
- * @return {number}
+ * @returns {number}
  */
 function decodeVLQ(stringCharIterator) {
   // Read unsigned value.
@@ -359,7 +358,7 @@ function decodeVLQ(stringCharIterator) {
 
 /**
  * @param {SourceMapV3} payload
- * @return {SourceMapV3}
+ * @returns {SourceMapV3}
  */
 function cloneSourceMapV3(payload) {
   validateObject(payload, 'payload');
@@ -375,9 +374,9 @@ function cloneSourceMapV3(payload) {
 
 /**
  * @param {Array} entry1 source map entry [lineNumber, columnNumber, sourceURL,
- *  sourceLineNumber, sourceColumnNumber]
+ * sourceLineNumber, sourceColumnNumber]
  * @param {Array} entry2 source map entry.
- * @return {number}
+ * @returns {number}
  */
 function compareSourceMapEntry(entry1, entry2) {
   const { 0: lineNumber1, 1: columnNumber1 } = entry1;
diff --git a/lib/internal/source_map/source_map_cache_map.js b/lib/internal/source_map/source_map_cache_map.js
index f5aca17d6dcb84..3d9d455faac96d 100644
--- a/lib/internal/source_map/source_map_cache_map.js
+++ b/lib/internal/source_map/source_map_cache_map.js
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ class SourceMapCacheMap {
   /**
    * Get an entry by the given key.
    * @param {string} key a file url or source url
+   * @returns {object|undefined}
    */
   get(key) {
     const weakRef = this.#weakModuleMap.get(key);
@@ -83,6 +84,7 @@ class SourceMapCacheMap {
   /**
    * Estimate the size of the cache. The actual size may be smaller because
    * some entries may be reclaimed with the module instance.
+   * @returns {number}
    */
   get size() {
     return this.#weakModuleMap.size;
diff --git a/lib/internal/test_runner/mock/mock.js b/lib/internal/test_runner/mock/mock.js
index 178da37efc16c8..62dce805a28464 100644
--- a/lib/internal/test_runner/mock/mock.js
+++ b/lib/internal/test_runner/mock/mock.js
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ class MockTracker {
    * @param {Function} [original] - The original function to be tracked.
    * @param {Function} [implementation] - An optional replacement function for the original one.
    * @param {object} [options] - Additional tracking options.
-   * @param {number} [options.times=Infinity] - The maximum number of times the mock function can be called.
+   * @param {number} [options.times] - The maximum number of times the mock function can be called.
    * @returns {ProxyConstructor} The mock function tracker.
    */
   fn(
@@ -334,9 +334,9 @@ class MockTracker {
    * @param {string} methodName - The name of the method to be tracked.
    * @param {Function} [implementation] - An optional replacement function for the original method.
    * @param {object} [options] - Additional tracking options.
-   * @param {boolean} [options.getter=false] - Indicates whether this is a getter method.
-   * @param {boolean} [options.setter=false] - Indicates whether this is a setter method.
-   * @param {number} [options.times=Infinity] - The maximum number of times the mock method can be called.
+   * @param {boolean} [options.getter] - Indicates whether this is a getter method.
+   * @param {boolean} [options.setter] - Indicates whether this is a setter method.
+   * @param {number} [options.times] - The maximum number of times the mock method can be called.
    * @returns {ProxyConstructor} The mock method tracker.
    */
   method(
@@ -425,9 +425,9 @@ class MockTracker {
    * @param {string} methodName - The name of the getter method to be mocked.
    * @param {Function} [implementation] - An optional replacement function for the targeted method.
    * @param {object} [options] - Additional tracking options.
-   * @param {boolean} [options.getter=true] - Indicates whether this is a getter method.
-   * @param {boolean} [options.setter=false] - Indicates whether this is a setter method.
-   * @param {number} [options.times=Infinity] - The maximum number of times the mock method can be called.
+   * @param {boolean} [options.getter] - Indicates whether this is a getter method.
+   * @param {boolean} [options.setter] - Indicates whether this is a setter method.
+   * @param {number} [options.times] - The maximum number of times the mock method can be called.
    * @returns {ProxyConstructor} The mock method tracker.
    */
   getter(
@@ -462,12 +462,12 @@ class MockTracker {
    * Mocks a setter method of an object.
    * This function is a syntax sugar for MockTracker.method with options.setter set to true.
    * @param {object} object - The target object.
-   * @param {string} methodName  - The setter method to be mocked.
+   * @param {string} methodName - The setter method to be mocked.
    * @param {Function} [implementation] - An optional replacement function for the targeted method.
    * @param {object} [options] - Additional tracking options.
-   * @param {boolean} [options.getter=false] - Indicates whether this is a getter method.
-   * @param {boolean} [options.setter=true] - Indicates whether this is a setter method.
-   * @param {number} [options.times=Infinity] - The maximum number of times the mock method can be called.
+   * @param {boolean} [options.getter] - Indicates whether this is a getter method.
+   * @param {boolean} [options.setter] - Indicates whether this is a setter method.
+   * @param {number} [options.times] - The maximum number of times the mock method can be called.
    * @returns {ProxyConstructor} The mock method tracker.
    */
   setter(
diff --git a/lib/internal/test_runner/mock/mock_timers.js b/lib/internal/test_runner/mock/mock_timers.js
index c479f69ed0ddff..033f75d4e9ad6e 100644
--- a/lib/internal/test_runner/mock/mock_timers.js
+++ b/lib/internal/test_runner/mock/mock_timers.js
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ function abortIt(signal) {
 }
 
 /**
- * @enum {('setTimeout'|'setInterval'|'setImmediate'|'Date', 'scheduler.wait')[]} Supported timers
+ * @enum {('setTimeout'|'setInterval'|'setImmediate'|'Date'|'scheduler.wait')[]} Supported timers
  */
 const SUPPORTED_APIS = ['setTimeout', 'setInterval', 'setImmediate', 'Date', 'scheduler.wait'];
 const TIMERS_DEFAULT_INTERVAL = {
@@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ class MockTimers {
   /**
    * Advances the virtual time of MockTimers by the specified duration (in milliseconds).
    * This method simulates the passage of time and triggers any scheduled timers that are due.
-   * @param {number} [time=1] - The amount of time (in milliseconds) to advance the virtual time.
+   * @param {number} [time] - The amount of time (in milliseconds) to advance the virtual time.
    * @throws {ERR_INVALID_STATE} If MockTimers are not enabled.
    * @throws {ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE} If a negative time value is provided.
    */
diff --git a/lib/internal/test_runner/test.js b/lib/internal/test_runner/test.js
index 5b6a202761ea7a..1fb934e0286de1 100644
--- a/lib/internal/test_runner/test.js
+++ b/lib/internal/test_runner/test.js
@@ -729,6 +729,7 @@ class Test extends AsyncResource {
    * Ex."grandparent parent test"
    *
    * It's needed to match a single test with non-unique name by pattern
+   * @returns {string}
    */
   getTestNameWithAncestors() {
     if (!this.parent) return '';
@@ -736,14 +737,24 @@ class Test extends AsyncResource {
     return `${this.parent.getTestNameWithAncestors()} ${this.name}`;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * @returns {boolean}
+   */
   hasConcurrency() {
     return this.concurrency > this.activeSubtests;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * @param {any} deferred
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
   addPendingSubtest(deferred) {
     ArrayPrototypePush(this.pendingSubtests, deferred);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * @returns {Promise<void>}
+   */
   async processPendingSubtests() {
     while (this.pendingSubtests.length > 0 && this.hasConcurrency()) {
       const deferred = ArrayPrototypeShift(this.pendingSubtests);
@@ -754,6 +765,10 @@ class Test extends AsyncResource {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * @param {any} subtest
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
   addReadySubtest(subtest) {
     this.readySubtests.set(subtest.childNumber, subtest);
 
@@ -763,6 +778,10 @@ class Test extends AsyncResource {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * @param {boolean} canSend
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
   processReadySubtestRange(canSend) {
     const start = this.waitingOn;
     const end = start + this.readySubtests.size;
diff --git a/lib/internal/util/inspect.js b/lib/internal/util/inspect.js
index 375a0091209161..c32c83ef9ec9fb 100644
--- a/lib/internal/util/inspect.js
+++ b/lib/internal/util/inspect.js
@@ -2440,7 +2440,9 @@ if (internalBinding('config').hasIntl) {
   };
 } else {
   /**
-   * Returns the number of columns required to display the given string.
+   * @param {string} str
+   * @param {boolean} [removeControlChars]
+   * @returns {number} number of columns required to display the given string.
    */
   getStringWidth = function getStringWidth(str, removeControlChars = true) {
     let width = 0;
@@ -2463,6 +2465,8 @@ if (internalBinding('config').hasIntl) {
   /**
    * Returns true if the character represented by a given
    * Unicode code point is full-width. Otherwise returns false.
+   * @param {string} code
+   * @returns {boolean}
    */
   const isFullWidthCodePoint = (code) => {
     // Code points are partially derived from:
@@ -2506,6 +2510,8 @@ if (internalBinding('config').hasIntl) {
 
 /**
  * Remove all VT control characters. Use to estimate displayed string width.
+ * @param {string} str
+ * @returns {string}
  */
 function stripVTControlCharacters(str) {
   validateString(str, 'str');
diff --git a/lib/internal/util/parse_args/parse_args.js b/lib/internal/util/parse_args/parse_args.js
index 09b3ff7316d3ef..95420ac830d9a3 100644
--- a/lib/internal/util/parse_args/parse_args.js
+++ b/lib/internal/util/parse_args/parse_args.js
@@ -186,6 +186,7 @@ function storeDefaultOption(longOption, optionValue, values) {
  * - option-terminator
  * @param {string[]} args - from parseArgs({ args }) or mainArgs
  * @param {object} options - option configs, from parseArgs({ options })
+ * @returns {any[]}
  */
 function argsToTokens(args, options) {
   const tokens = [];
diff --git a/lib/internal/util/parse_args/utils.js b/lib/internal/util/parse_args/utils.js
index 95f787daf1debf..8b7c1cc20a517d 100644
--- a/lib/internal/util/parse_args/utils.js
+++ b/lib/internal/util/parse_args/utils.js
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ const {
 
 /**
  * Return the named property, but only if it is an own property.
+ * @returns {any|undefined}
  */
 function objectGetOwn(obj, prop) {
   if (ObjectHasOwn(obj, prop))
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ function objectGetOwn(obj, prop) {
 
 /**
  * Return the named options property, but only if it is an own property.
+ * @returns {any|undefined}
  */
 function optionsGetOwn(options, longOption, prop) {
   if (ObjectHasOwn(options, longOption))
@@ -39,10 +41,13 @@ function optionsGetOwn(options, longOption, prop) {
 /**
  * Determines if the argument may be used as an option value.
  * @example
+ * ```
  * isOptionValue('V') // returns true
  * isOptionValue('-v') // returns true (greedy)
  * isOptionValue('--foo') // returns true (greedy)
  * isOptionValue(undefined) // returns false
+ * ```
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function isOptionValue(value) {
   if (value == null) return false;
@@ -56,6 +61,7 @@ function isOptionValue(value) {
  * Detect whether there is possible confusion and user may have omitted
  * the option argument, like `--port --verbose` when `port` of type:string.
  * In strict mode we throw errors if value is option-like.
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function isOptionLikeValue(value) {
   if (value == null) return false;
@@ -66,6 +72,7 @@ function isOptionLikeValue(value) {
 /**
  * Determines if `arg` is just a short option.
  * @example '-f'
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function isLoneShortOption(arg) {
   return arg.length === 2 &&
@@ -76,10 +83,13 @@ function isLoneShortOption(arg) {
 /**
  * Determines if `arg` is a lone long option.
  * @example
+ * ```
  * isLoneLongOption('a') // returns false
  * isLoneLongOption('-a') // returns false
  * isLoneLongOption('--foo') // returns true
  * isLoneLongOption('--foo=bar') // returns false
+ * ```
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function isLoneLongOption(arg) {
   return arg.length > 2 &&
@@ -90,8 +100,11 @@ function isLoneLongOption(arg) {
 /**
  * Determines if `arg` is a long option and value in the same argument.
  * @example
+ * ```
  * isLongOptionAndValue('--foo') // returns false
  * isLongOptionAndValue('--foo=bar') // returns true
+ * ```
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function isLongOptionAndValue(arg) {
   return arg.length > 2 &&
@@ -107,6 +120,7 @@ function isLongOptionAndValue(arg) {
  *   option that takes an option-argument, should be accepted when grouped
  *   behind one '-' delimiter.
  * @example
+ * ```
  * isShortOptionGroup('-a', {}) // returns false
  * isShortOptionGroup('-ab', {}) // returns true
  * // -fb is an option and a value, not a short option group
@@ -120,6 +134,8 @@ function isLongOptionAndValue(arg) {
  * isShortOptionGroup('-bfb', {
  *   options: { f: { type: 'string' } }
  * }) // returns true
+ * ```
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function isShortOptionGroup(arg, options) {
   if (arg.length <= 2) return false;
@@ -134,11 +150,14 @@ function isShortOptionGroup(arg, options) {
 /**
  * Determine if arg is a short string option followed by its value.
  * @example
+ * ```
  * isShortOptionAndValue('-a', {}); // returns false
  * isShortOptionAndValue('-ab', {}); // returns false
  * isShortOptionAndValue('-fFILE', {
  *   options: { foo: { short: 'f', type: 'string' }}
  * }) // returns true
+ * ```
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function isShortOptionAndValue(arg, options) {
   validateObject(options, 'options');
@@ -156,10 +175,13 @@ function isShortOptionAndValue(arg, options) {
  * Find the long option associated with a short option. Looks for a configured
  * `short` and returns the short option itself if a long option is not found.
  * @example
+ * ```
  * findLongOptionForShort('a', {}) // returns 'a'
  * findLongOptionForShort('b', {
  *   options: { bar: { short: 'b' } }
  * }) // returns 'bar'
+ * ```
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function findLongOptionForShort(shortOption, options) {
   validateObject(options, 'options');
@@ -176,6 +198,7 @@ function findLongOptionForShort(shortOption, options) {
  * @param {string} longOption - long option name e.g. 'foo'
  * @param {object} optionConfig - the option configuration properties
  * @param {object} values - option values returned in `values` by parseArgs
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function useDefaultValueOption(longOption, optionConfig, values) {
   return objectGetOwn(optionConfig, 'default') !== undefined &&
diff --git a/lib/internal/validators.js b/lib/internal/validators.js
index 9798e0b5fe353c..7ef807b05895a8 100644
--- a/lib/internal/validators.js
+++ b/lib/internal/validators.js
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ const validateInternalField = hideStackFrames((object, fieldKey, className) => {
 
 /**
  * @param {any} hints
- * @return {string}
+ * @returns {string}
  */
 const validateLinkHeaderValue = hideStackFrames((hints) => {
   if (typeof hints === 'string') {
diff --git a/lib/internal/vm.js b/lib/internal/vm.js
index 7c28b640bd47f1..2680de8b6b5bee 100644
--- a/lib/internal/vm.js
+++ b/lib/internal/vm.js
@@ -117,11 +117,11 @@ function registerImportModuleDynamically(referrer, importModuleDynamically) {
  * @param {string} filename - The filename to use for the compiled function.
  * @param {number} lineOffset - The line offset to use for the compiled function.
  * @param {number} columnOffset - The column offset to use for the compiled function.
- * @param {Buffer} [cachedData=undefined] - The cached data to use for the compiled function.
+ * @param {Buffer} [cachedData] - The cached data to use for the compiled function.
  * @param {boolean} produceCachedData - Whether to produce cached data for the compiled function.
- * @param {ReturnType<import('vm').createContext} [parsingContext=undefined] - The parsing context to use for the
+ * @param {ReturnType<import('node:vm').createContext>} [parsingContext] - The parsing context to use for the
  * compiled function.
- * @param {object[]} [contextExtensions=[]] - An array of context extensions to use for the compiled function.
+ * @param {object[]} [contextExtensions] - An array of context extensions to use for the compiled function.
  * @param {string[]} [params] - An optional array of parameter names for the compiled function.
  * @param {symbol} hostDefinedOptionId - A symbol referenced by the field `host_defined_option_symbol`.
  * @param {VmImportModuleDynamicallyCallback} [importModuleDynamically] -
@@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ function makeContextifyScript(code,
  * @param {ReturnType<makeContextifyScript>} script - The script to run.
  * @param {boolean} displayErrors - Whether to display errors.
  * @param {boolean} breakOnFirstLine - Whether to break on the first line.
+ * @returns {any}
  */
 function runScriptInThisContext(script, displayErrors, breakOnFirstLine) {
   return ReflectApply(
diff --git a/lib/internal/webstreams/transformstream.js b/lib/internal/webstreams/transformstream.js
index cd3c96d68a59b8..371b597dc681d6 100644
--- a/lib/internal/webstreams/transformstream.js
+++ b/lib/internal/webstreams/transformstream.js
@@ -90,12 +90,12 @@ const getNonWritablePropertyDescriptor = (value) => {
 
 /**
  * @callback TransformerStartCallback
- * @param {TransformStreamDefaultController} controller;
+ * @param {TransformStreamDefaultController} controller
  */
 
 /**
  * @callback TransformerFlushCallback
- * @param {TransformStreamDefaultController} controller;
+ * @param {TransformStreamDefaultController} controller
  * @returns {Promise<void>}
  */
 
diff --git a/lib/internal/worker/js_transferable.js b/lib/internal/worker/js_transferable.js
index b830c161bbf556..35975a88e27a78 100644
--- a/lib/internal/worker/js_transferable.js
+++ b/lib/internal/worker/js_transferable.js
@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@ function setup() {
  * ```
  * @param {object} obj Host objects that can be either cloned or transferred.
  * @param {boolean} [cloneable] if the object can be cloned and `@@kClone` is
- *                              implemented.
+ * implemented.
  * @param {boolean} [transferable] if the object can be transferred and
- *                                 `@@kTransfer` is implemented.
+ * `@@kTransfer` is implemented.
  */
 function markTransferMode(obj, cloneable = false, transferable = false) {
   if ((typeof obj !== 'object' && typeof obj !== 'function') || obj === null)
diff --git a/lib/os.js b/lib/os.js
index c44147f0e1170d..e9179f5f772460 100644
--- a/lib/os.js
+++ b/lib/os.js
@@ -244,8 +244,8 @@ function networkInterfaces() {
 }
 
 /**
- * @param {number} [pid=0]
- * @param {number} priority
+ * @param {number} [pid]
+ * @param {number} [priority]
  * @returns {void}
  */
 function setPriority(pid, priority) {
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ function setPriority(pid, priority) {
 }
 
 /**
- * @param {number} [pid=0]
+ * @param {number} [pid]
  * @returns {number}
  */
 function getPriority(pid) {
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ function getPriority(pid) {
 }
 
 /**
- * @param {{ encoding?: string }} [options=utf8] If `encoding` is set to
+ * @param {{ encoding?: string }} [options] If `encoding` is set to
  * `'buffer'`, the `username`, `shell`, and `homedir` values will
  * be `Buffer` instances.
  * @returns {{
diff --git a/lib/querystring.js b/lib/querystring.js
index 576e0bafdc2810..30e159d647bec3 100644
--- a/lib/querystring.js
+++ b/lib/querystring.js
@@ -309,9 +309,9 @@ function addKeyVal(obj, key, value, keyEncoded, valEncoded, decode) {
  * @param {string} sep
  * @param {string} eq
  * @param {{
- *   maxKeys?: number;
- *   decodeURIComponent?(v: string): string;
- *   }} [options]
+ *   maxKeys?: number,
+ *   decodeURIComponent?: (v: string) => string,
+ * }} [options]
  * @returns {Record<string, string | string[]>}
  */
 function parse(qs, sep, eq, options) {
diff --git a/lib/string_decoder.js b/lib/string_decoder.js
index 842dc3e10e74f3..07c89e88fce815 100644
--- a/lib/string_decoder.js
+++ b/lib/string_decoder.js
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ const kNativeDecoder = Symbol('kNativeDecoder');
 
 /**
  * StringDecoder provides an interface for efficiently splitting a series of
- * buffers into a series of JS strings without breaking apart multi-byte
+ * buffers into a series of JS strings without breaking apart multibyte
  * characters.
- * @param {string} [encoding=utf-8]
+ * @param {string} [encoding]
  */
 function StringDecoder(encoding) {
   this.encoding = normalizeEncoding(encoding);
diff --git a/lib/util.js b/lib/util.js
index a422daa212b855..e308619127b0cd 100644
--- a/lib/util.js
+++ b/lib/util.js
@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ function escapeStyleCode(code) {
 /**
  * @param {string | string[]} format
  * @param {string} text
- * @param {object} [options={}]
- * @param {boolean} [options.validateStream=true] - Whether to validate the stream.
- * @param {Stream} [options.stream=process.stdout] - The stream used for validation.
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @param {boolean} [options.validateStream] - Whether to validate the stream.
+ * @param {Stream} [options.stream] - The stream used for validation.
  * @returns {string}
  */
 function styleText(format, text, { validateStream = true, stream = process.stdout } = {}) {
@@ -163,10 +163,10 @@ function styleText(format, text, { validateStream = true, stream = process.stdou
  * functions as prototype setup using normal JavaScript does not work as
  * expected during bootstrapping (see mirror.js in r114903).
  * @param {Function} ctor Constructor function which needs to inherit the
- *     prototype.
+ * prototype.
  * @param {Function} superCtor Constructor function to inherit prototype from.
  * @throws {TypeError} Will error if either constructor is null, or if
- *     the super constructor lacks a prototype.
+ * the super constructor lacks a prototype.
  */
 function inherits(ctor, superCtor) {
 
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ function inherits(ctor, superCtor) {
  * @template S
  * @param {T} target
  * @param {S} source
- * @returns {S extends null ? T : (T & S)}
+ * @returns {(T & S) | null}
  */
 function _extend(target, source) {
   // Don't do anything if source isn't an object
@@ -222,12 +222,9 @@ const callbackifyOnRejected = (reason, cb) => {
 };
 
 /**
- * @template {(...args: any[]) => Promise<any>} T
- * @param {T} original
- * @returns {T extends (...args: infer TArgs) => Promise<infer TReturn> ?
- *   ((...params: [...TArgs, ((err: Error, ret: TReturn) => any)]) => void) :
- *   never
- * }
+ * Converts a Promise-returning function to callback style
+ * @param {Function} original
+ * @returns {Function}
  */
 function callbackify(original) {
   validateFunction(original, 'original');
diff --git a/lib/zlib.js b/lib/zlib.js
index bd9753baa41099..57d0bcfd84c0f9 100644
--- a/lib/zlib.js
+++ b/lib/zlib.js
@@ -203,7 +203,10 @@ const FLUSH_BOUND_IDX_NORMAL = 0;
 const FLUSH_BOUND_IDX_BROTLI = 1;
 const FLUSH_BOUND_IDX_ZSTD = 2;
 
-// The base class for all Zlib-style streams.
+/**
+ * The base class for all Zlib-style streams.
+ * @class
+ */
 function ZlibBase(opts, mode, handle, { flush, finishFlush, fullFlush }) {
   let chunkSize = Z_DEFAULT_CHUNK;
   let maxOutputLength = kMaxLength;
@@ -283,7 +286,7 @@ ObjectDefineProperty(ZlibBase.prototype, '_closed', {
 });
 
 /**
- * @this ZlibBase
+ * @this {ZlibBase}
  * @returns {void}
  */
 ZlibBase.prototype.reset = function() {
@@ -291,13 +294,21 @@ ZlibBase.prototype.reset = function() {
   return this._handle.reset();
 };
 
-// This is the _flush function called by the transform class,
-// internally, when the last chunk has been written.
+/**
+ * @this {ZlibBase}
+ * This is the _flush function called by the transform class,
+ * internally, when the last chunk has been written.
+ * @returns {void}
+ */
 ZlibBase.prototype._flush = function(callback) {
   this._transform(Buffer.alloc(0), '', callback);
 };
 
-// Force Transform compat behavior.
+/**
+ * @this {ZlibBase}
+ * Force Transform compat behavior.
+ * @returns {void}
+ */
 ZlibBase.prototype._final = function(callback) {
   callback();
 };
@@ -350,7 +361,7 @@ ZlibBase.prototype.flush = function(kind, callback) {
 };
 
 /**
- * @this import('stream').Transform
+ * @this {import('stream').Transform}
  * @param {(err?: Error) => any} [callback]
  */
 ZlibBase.prototype.close = function(callback) {
diff --git a/test/async-hooks/hook-checks.js b/test/async-hooks/hook-checks.js
index 833cdd8de300e1..d6d6016226cdad 100644
--- a/test/async-hooks/hook-checks.js
+++ b/test/async-hooks/hook-checks.js
@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ const assert = require('assert');
  * @name checkInvocations
  * @function
  * @param {object} activity including timestamps for each life time event,
- *                 i.e. init, before ...
+ * i.e. init, before ...
  * @param {object} hooks the expected life time event invocations with a count
- *                       indicating how often they should have been invoked,
- *                       i.e. `{ init: 1, before: 2, after: 2 }`
+ * indicating how often they should have been invoked,
+ * i.e. `{ init: 1, before: 2, after: 2 }`
  * @param {string} stage the name of the stage in the test at which we are
- *                       checking the invocations
+ * checking the invocations
  */
 exports.checkInvocations = function checkInvocations(activity, hooks, stage) {
   const stageInfo = `Checking invocations at stage "${stage}":\n   `;
diff --git a/test/common/gc.js b/test/common/gc.js
index 87625068c2cbca..e138fffef8bf3d 100644
--- a/test/common/gc.js
+++ b/test/common/gc.js
@@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ async function runAndBreathe(fn, repeat, waitTime = 20) {
  * iterating over the heap and count objects with the specified class
  * (which is checked by looking up the prototype chain).
  * @param {(i: number) => number} fn The factory receiving iteration count
- *   and returning number of objects created. The return value should be
- *   precise otherwise false negatives can be produced.
+ * and returning number of objects created. The return value should be
+ * precise otherwise false negatives can be produced.
  * @param {Function} ctor The constructor of the objects being counted.
  * @param {number} count Number of iterations that this check should be done
  * @param {number} waitTime Optional breathing time for GC.
diff --git a/test/common/heap.js b/test/common/heap.js
index e4e02ded36ac56..40383484756268 100644
--- a/test/common/heap.js
+++ b/test/common/heap.js
@@ -223,9 +223,9 @@ function validateSnapshotNodes(...args) {
  * https://chromium.googlesource.com/v8/v8/+/b00e995fb212737802810384ba2b868d0d92f7e5/test/unittests/heap/cppgc-js/unified-heap-snapshot-unittest.cc#134
  * @param {object[]} nodes Snapshot nodes returned by createJSHeapSnapshot() or a subset filtered from it.
  * @param {string} rootName Name of the root node. Typically a class name used to filter all native nodes with
- *                          this name. For cppgc-managed objects, this is typically the name configured by
- *                          SET_CPPGC_NAME() prefixed with an additional "Node /" prefix e.g.
- *                          "Node / ContextifyScript"
+ * this name. For cppgc-managed objects, this is typically the name configured by
+ * SET_CPPGC_NAME() prefixed with an additional "Node /" prefix e.g.
+ * "Node / ContextifyScript"
  * @param {[{
  *   node_name?: string,
  *   edge_name?: string,
@@ -234,8 +234,8 @@ function validateSnapshotNodes(...args) {
  * }]} retainingPath The retaining path specification to search from the root nodes.
  * @param {boolean} allowEmpty Whether the function should fail if no matching nodes can be found.
  * @returns {[object]} All the leaf nodes matching the retaining path specification. If none can be found,
- *                     logs the nodes found in the last matching step of the path (if any), and throws an
- *                     assertion error.
+ * logs the nodes found in the last matching step of the path (if any), and throws an
+ * assertion error.
  */
 function validateByRetainingPathFromNodes(nodes, rootName, retainingPath, allowEmpty = false) {
   let haystack = nodes.filter((n) => n.name === rootName && n.type !== 'string');
@@ -328,6 +328,7 @@ function getHeapSnapshotOptionTests() {
 
 /**
  * Similar to @see {validateByRetainingPathFromNodes} but creates the snapshot from scratch.
+ * @returns {object[]}
  */
 function validateByRetainingPath(...args) {
   const nodes = createJSHeapSnapshot();
diff --git a/test/common/index.js b/test/common/index.js
index deb33061e3f804..180231262bb977 100755
--- a/test/common/index.js
+++ b/test/common/index.js
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ function spawnPromisified(...args) {
  * values on tests which are skipped on Windows.
  * This function is meant to be used for tagged template strings.
  * @returns {[string, object | undefined]} An array that can be passed as
- *                                         arguments to `exec` or `execSync`.
+ * arguments to `exec` or `execSync`.
  */
 function escapePOSIXShell(cmdParts, ...args) {
   if (common.isWindows) {
diff --git a/test/common/inspector-helper.js b/test/common/inspector-helper.js
index 3c7277c24a5522..895e4c77972668 100644
--- a/test/common/inspector-helper.js
+++ b/test/common/inspector-helper.js
@@ -550,6 +550,7 @@ function fires(promise, error, timeoutMs) {
  *
  * This function provides a utility to wait until a inspector event for a certain
  * time.
+ * @returns {Promise}
  */
 function waitUntil(session, eventName, timeout = 1000) {
   const resolvers = Promise.withResolvers();
diff --git a/test/common/wpt.js b/test/common/wpt.js
index 74b182e5b84296..2498eb268ea311 100644
--- a/test/common/wpt.js
+++ b/test/common/wpt.js
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ function getBrowserProperties() {
 /**
  * Return one of three expected values
  * https://github.com/web-platform-tests/wpt/blob/1c6ff12/tools/wptrunner/wptrunner/tests/test_update.py#L953-L958
+ * @returns {'linux'|'mac'|'win'}
  */
 function getOs() {
   switch (os.type()) {
@@ -102,6 +103,7 @@ class WPTReport {
   /**
    * Get or create a ReportResult for a test spec.
    * @param {WPTTestSpec} spec
+   * @returns {ReportResult}
    */
   getResult(spec) {
     const name = `/${spec.getRelativePath()}${spec.variant}`;
@@ -113,6 +115,9 @@ class WPTReport {
     return result;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
   write() {
     this.time_end = Date.now();
     const results = Array.from(this.results.values())
@@ -191,8 +196,9 @@ class ResourceLoader {
   /**
    * Load a resource in test/fixtures/wpt specified with a URL
    * @param {string} from the path of the file loading this resource,
-   *                      relative to the WPT folder.
+   * relative to the WPT folder.
    * @param {string} url the url of the resource being loaded.
+   * @returns {string}
    */
   read(from, url) {
     const file = this.toRealFilePath(from, url);
@@ -202,8 +208,14 @@ class ResourceLoader {
   /**
    * Load a resource in test/fixtures/wpt specified with a URL
    * @param {string} from the path of the file loading this resource,
-   *                      relative to the WPT folder.
+   * relative to the WPT folder.
    * @param {string} url the url of the resource being loaded.
+   * @returns {Promise<{
+   *   ok: string,
+   *   arrayBuffer: function(): Buffer,
+   *   json: function(): object,
+   *   text: function(): string,
+   * }>}
    */
   async readAsFetch(from, url) {
     const file = this.toRealFilePath(from, url);
@@ -284,9 +296,9 @@ class WPTTestSpec {
 
   /**
    * @param {string} mod name of the WPT module, e.g.
-   *                     'html/webappapis/microtask-queuing'
+   * 'html/webappapis/microtask-queuing'
    * @param {string} filename path of the test, relative to mod, e.g.
-   *                          'test.any.js'
+   * 'test.any.js'
    * @param {StatusRule[]} rules
    * @param {string} variant test file variant
    */
@@ -326,6 +338,7 @@ class WPTTestSpec {
    * @param {string} mod
    * @param {string} filename
    * @param {StatusRule[]} rules
+   * @returns {ReturnType<WPTTestSpec['getMeta']>[]}
    */
   static from(mod, filename, rules) {
     const spec = new WPTTestSpec(mod, filename, rules);
@@ -436,6 +449,7 @@ class StatusLoader {
   /**
    * Grep for all .*.js file recursively in a directory.
    * @param {string} dir
+   * @returns {any[]}
    */
   grep(dir) {
     let result = [];
@@ -561,6 +575,7 @@ class WPTRunner {
 
   /**
    * @param {WPTTestSpec} spec
+   * @returns {string}
    */
   fullInitScript(spec) {
     const url = new URL(`/${spec.getRelativePath().replace(/\.js$/, '.html')}${spec.variant}`, 'http://wpt');
@@ -803,7 +818,7 @@ class WPTRunner {
    * Report the status of each specific test case (there could be multiple
    * in one test file).
    * @param {WPTTestSpec} spec
-   * @param {Test} test  The Test object returned by WPT harness
+   * @param {Test} test The Test object returned by WPT harness
    * @param {ReportResult} reportResult The report result object
    */
   resultCallback(spec, test, reportResult) {
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-sqlite-session.js b/test/parallel/test-sqlite-session.js
index 121e27ec3e545e..6c638b8e4a3965 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-sqlite-session.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-sqlite-session.js
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ const { test, suite } = require('node:test');
 /**
  * Convenience wrapper around assert.deepStrictEqual that sets a null
  * prototype to the expected object.
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function deepStrictEqual(t) {
   return (actual, expected, message) => {
diff --git a/tools/eslint-rules/crypto-check.js b/tools/eslint-rules/crypto-check.js
index 22271545faef98..bfdc08629cb152 100644
--- a/tools/eslint-rules/crypto-check.js
+++ b/tools/eslint-rules/crypto-check.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * @fileoverview Check that common.hasCrypto is used if crypto, tls,
+ * @file Check that common.hasCrypto is used if crypto, tls,
  * https, or http2 modules are required.
  * @author Daniel Bevenius <daniel.bevenius@gmail.com>
  */
diff --git a/tools/eslint-rules/eslint-check.js b/tools/eslint-rules/eslint-check.js
index 6e302071524517..9c2a9bdcca3ce0 100644
--- a/tools/eslint-rules/eslint-check.js
+++ b/tools/eslint-rules/eslint-check.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * @fileoverview Check that common.skipIfEslintMissing is used if
+ * @file Check that common.skipIfEslintMissing is used if
  *               the eslint module is required.
  */
 'use strict';
diff --git a/tools/eslint-rules/inspector-check.js b/tools/eslint-rules/inspector-check.js
index f5c121c5bb95a4..2b6332150a6545 100644
--- a/tools/eslint-rules/inspector-check.js
+++ b/tools/eslint-rules/inspector-check.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * @fileoverview Check that common.skipIfInspectorDisabled is used if
+ * @file Check that common.skipIfInspectorDisabled is used if
  *               the inspector module is required.
  * @author Daniel Bevenius <daniel.bevenius@gmail.com>
  */
diff --git a/tools/eslint-rules/lowercase-name-for-primitive.js b/tools/eslint-rules/lowercase-name-for-primitive.js
index 5c4eedac400cb4..978b26097f7129 100644
--- a/tools/eslint-rules/lowercase-name-for-primitive.js
+++ b/tools/eslint-rules/lowercase-name-for-primitive.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * @fileoverview Check that TypeError[ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE] uses
+ * @file Check that TypeError[ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE] uses
  *               lowercase for primitive types
  * @author Weijia Wang <starkwang@126.com>
  */
diff --git a/tools/eslint-rules/no-array-destructuring.js b/tools/eslint-rules/no-array-destructuring.js
index d50a8fa11b755f..24bec99e96700d 100644
--- a/tools/eslint-rules/no-array-destructuring.js
+++ b/tools/eslint-rules/no-array-destructuring.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * @fileoverview Iterating over arrays should be avoided because it relies on
+ * @file Iterating over arrays should be avoided because it relies on
  *               user-mutable global methods (`Array.prototype[Symbol.iterator]`
  *               and `%ArrayIteratorPrototype%.next`), we should instead use
  *               other alternatives. This file defines a rule that disallow
diff --git a/tools/eslint-rules/no-duplicate-requires.js b/tools/eslint-rules/no-duplicate-requires.js
index c330119790c502..b72dd812917c15 100644
--- a/tools/eslint-rules/no-duplicate-requires.js
+++ b/tools/eslint-rules/no-duplicate-requires.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * @fileoverview Ensure modules are not required twice at top level of a module
+ * @file Ensure modules are not required twice at top level of a module
  * @author devsnek
  * @author RedYetiDev
  */
diff --git a/tools/eslint-rules/no-unescaped-regexp-dot.js b/tools/eslint-rules/no-unescaped-regexp-dot.js
index 7cc714edfa4bca..8564bdff85c133 100644
--- a/tools/eslint-rules/no-unescaped-regexp-dot.js
+++ b/tools/eslint-rules/no-unescaped-regexp-dot.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * @fileoverview Look for unescaped "literal" dots in regular expressions
+ * @file Look for unescaped "literal" dots in regular expressions
  * @author Brian White
  */
 'use strict';
diff --git a/tools/eslint-rules/non-ascii-character.js b/tools/eslint-rules/non-ascii-character.js
index b76126c93242da..e6042fec039cab 100644
--- a/tools/eslint-rules/non-ascii-character.js
+++ b/tools/eslint-rules/non-ascii-character.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * @fileOverview Any non-ASCII characters in lib/ will increase the size
+ * @file Any non-ASCII characters in lib/ will increase the size
  *               of the compiled node binary. This linter rule ensures that
  *               any such character is reported.
  * @author Sarat Addepalli <sarat.addepalli@gmail.com>
diff --git a/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-assert-iferror.js b/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-assert-iferror.js
index 2b1158d6b2c89c..ed398a3d134549 100644
--- a/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-assert-iferror.js
+++ b/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-assert-iferror.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * @fileoverview Prohibit the `if (err) throw err;` pattern
+ * @file Prohibit the `if (err) throw err;` pattern
  * @author Teddy Katz
  */
 
diff --git a/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-assert-methods.js b/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-assert-methods.js
index 44a035ea2e0818..cbafad9f863d82 100644
--- a/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-assert-methods.js
+++ b/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-assert-methods.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * @fileoverview Prohibit the use of assert operators ( ===, !==, ==, != )
+ * @file Prohibit the use of assert operators ( ===, !==, ==, != )
  */
 
 'use strict';
diff --git a/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-common-mustnotcall.js b/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-common-mustnotcall.js
index 0008145ccb93a3..18f5c83c0af8b8 100644
--- a/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-common-mustnotcall.js
+++ b/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-common-mustnotcall.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * @fileoverview Prefer common.mustNotCall(msg) over common.mustCall(fn, 0)
+ * @file Prefer common.mustNotCall(msg) over common.mustCall(fn, 0)
  * @author James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
  */
 'use strict';
diff --git a/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-primordials.js b/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-primordials.js
index 4f109748716cd6..fe4924929994a2 100644
--- a/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-primordials.js
+++ b/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-primordials.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * @fileoverview We shouldn't use global built-in object for security and
+ * @file We shouldn't use global built-in object for security and
  *               performance reason. This linter rule reports replaceable codes
  *               that can be replaced with primordials.
  * @author Leko <leko.noor@gmail.com>
@@ -18,10 +18,16 @@ function toUcFirst(str) {
   return str[0].toUpperCase() + str.slice(1);
 }
 
+/**
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
 function isTarget(map, varName) {
   return map.has(varName);
 }
 
+/**
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
 function isIgnored(map, varName, propName) {
   return map.get(varName)?.get(propName)?.ignored ?? false;
 }
@@ -38,10 +44,7 @@ function getReportName({ name, parentName, into }) {
 
 /**
  * Get identifier of object spread assignment
- *
- * code: 'const { ownKeys } = Reflect;'
- * argument: 'ownKeys'
- * return: 'Reflect'
+ * @returns {null | object}
  */
 function getDestructuringAssignmentParent(scope, node) {
   const declaration = scope.set.get(node.name);
diff --git a/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-proto.js b/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-proto.js
index 4b313deb79006b..b18079a0f12ae2 100644
--- a/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-proto.js
+++ b/tools/eslint-rules/prefer-proto.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * @fileoverview null objects can be created with `ObjectCreate(null)`, or with
+ * @file null objects can be created with `ObjectCreate(null)`, or with
  *               syntax: `{ __proto__: null }`. This linter rule forces use of
  *               syntax over ObjectCreate.
  * @author Jordan Harband <ljharb@gmail.com>
diff --git a/tools/eslint-rules/require-common-first.js b/tools/eslint-rules/require-common-first.js
index 5a8980d5d1c71b..ffa5e943fac89f 100644
--- a/tools/eslint-rules/require-common-first.js
+++ b/tools/eslint-rules/require-common-first.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * @fileoverview Require `common` module first in our tests.
+ * @file Require `common` module first in our tests.
  */
 'use strict';
 
diff --git a/tools/eslint-rules/required-modules.js b/tools/eslint-rules/required-modules.js
index 2f8129232c6292..f86b1bc2871e1a 100644
--- a/tools/eslint-rules/required-modules.js
+++ b/tools/eslint-rules/required-modules.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * @fileoverview Require usage of specified node modules.
+ * @file Require usage of specified node modules.
  * @author Rich Trott
  */
 'use strict';
diff --git a/tools/eslint-rules/rules-utils.js b/tools/eslint-rules/rules-utils.js
index 3c63e3e4cbc9e2..346e9d1e4bb7d7 100644
--- a/tools/eslint-rules/rules-utils.js
+++ b/tools/eslint-rules/rules-utils.js
@@ -3,15 +3,24 @@
  */
 'use strict';
 
+/**
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
 function isRequireCall(node) {
   return node.callee.type === 'Identifier' && node.callee.name === 'require';
 }
 module.exports.isRequireCall = isRequireCall;
 
+/**
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
 module.exports.isString = function(node) {
   return node && node.type === 'Literal' && typeof node.value === 'string';
 };
 
+/**
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
 module.exports.isDefiningError = function(node) {
   return node.expression &&
          node.expression.type === 'CallExpression' &&
@@ -20,6 +29,9 @@ module.exports.isDefiningError = function(node) {
          node.expression.arguments.length !== 0;
 };
 
+/**
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
 module.exports.isDefiningDeprecation = function(node) {
   return node.expression &&
          node.expression.type === 'CallExpression' &&
@@ -31,17 +43,19 @@ module.exports.isDefiningDeprecation = function(node) {
 /**
  * Returns true if any of the passed in modules are used in
  * require calls.
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 module.exports.isRequired = function(node, modules) {
   return isRequireCall(node) && node.arguments.length !== 0 &&
     modules.includes(node.arguments[0].value);
 };
 
+const commonModuleRegExp = new RegExp(/^(\.\.\/)*common(\.js)?$/);
 /**
  * Return true if common module is required
  * in AST Node under inspection
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
-const commonModuleRegExp = new RegExp(/^(\.\.\/)*common(\.js)?$/);
 module.exports.isCommonModule = function(node) {
   return isRequireCall(node) &&
          node.arguments.length !== 0 &&
@@ -51,6 +65,7 @@ module.exports.isCommonModule = function(node) {
 /**
  * Returns true if any of the passed in modules are used in
  * process.binding() or internalBinding() calls.
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 module.exports.isBinding = function(node, modules) {
   const isProcessBinding = node.callee.object &&
@@ -64,6 +79,7 @@ module.exports.isBinding = function(node, modules) {
 /**
  * Returns true is the node accesses any property in the properties
  * array on the 'common' object.
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 module.exports.usesCommonProperty = function(node, properties) {
   if (node.name) {
@@ -78,6 +94,7 @@ module.exports.usesCommonProperty = function(node, properties) {
 /**
  * Returns true if the passed in node is inside an if statement block,
  * and the block also has a call to skip.
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 module.exports.inSkipBlock = function(node) {
   let hasSkipBlock = false;
@@ -99,6 +116,9 @@ module.exports.inSkipBlock = function(node) {
   return hasSkipBlock;
 };
 
+/**
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
 function hasSkip(expression) {
   return expression?.callee?.name === 'skip' || expression?.callee?.property?.name === 'skip';
 }
diff --git a/tools/icu/iculslocs.cc b/tools/icu/iculslocs.cc
index ad4fc37cb49aea..85cf1f77c35e32 100644
--- a/tools/icu/iculslocs.cc
+++ b/tools/icu/iculslocs.cc
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ void calculatePackageName(UErrorCode* status) {
  * Assumes calculatePackageName was called.
  * @param exists set to TRUE if exists, FALSE otherwise.
  * Changed from reference to pointer to match node.js style
- * @return 0 on "OK" (success or resource-missing),
+ * @returns 0 on "OK" (success or resource-missing),
  * 1 on "FAILURE" (unexpected error)
  */
 int localeExists(const char* loc, UBool* exists) {
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ void printIndent(FILE* bf, int indent) {
 /**
  * Dumps a table resource contents
  * if lev==0, skips INSTALLEDLOCALES
- * @return 0 for OK, 1 for err
+ * @returns 0 for OK, 1 for err
  */
 int dumpAllButInstalledLocales(int lev,
                                icu::LocalUResourceBundlePointer* bund,