diff --git a/src/Cargo.lock b/src/Cargo.lock
index b9f7edb8..68fd2320 100644
--- a/src/Cargo.lock
+++ b/src/Cargo.lock
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "nom",
  "num-traits",
  "rusticata-macros",
- "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "thiserror",
  "time",
 ]
 
@@ -503,36 +503,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "critical-section"
-version = "1.2.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "790eea4361631c5e7d22598ecd5723ff611904e3344ce8720784c93e3d83d40b"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "crossbeam-channel"
-version = "0.5.15"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "82b8f8f868b36967f9606790d1903570de9ceaf870a7bf9fbbd3016d636a2cb2"
-dependencies = [
- "crossbeam-utils",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "crossbeam-epoch"
-version = "0.9.18"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5b82ac4a3c2ca9c3460964f020e1402edd5753411d7737aa39c3714ad1b5420e"
-dependencies = [
- "crossbeam-utils",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "crossbeam-utils"
-version = "0.8.21"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d0a5c400df2834b80a4c3327b3aad3a4c4cd4de0629063962b03235697506a28"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "crypto-bigint"
 version = "0.4.9"
@@ -973,20 +943,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "slab",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "generator"
-version = "0.8.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d18470a76cb7f8ff746cf1f7470914f900252ec36bbc40b569d74b1258446827"
-dependencies = [
- "cc",
- "cfg-if",
- "libc",
- "log",
- "rustversion",
- "windows",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "generic-array"
 version = "0.14.7"
@@ -1147,12 +1103,11 @@ checksum = "6fe2267d4ed49bc07b63801559be28c718ea06c4738b7a03c94df7386d2cde46"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hickory-proto"
-version = "0.25.2"
+version = "0.24.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f8a6fe56c0038198998a6f217ca4e7ef3a5e51f46163bd6dd60b5c71ca6c6502"
+checksum = "92652067c9ce6f66ce53cc38d1169daa36e6e7eb7dd3b63b5103bd9d97117248"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
- "bitflags 2.6.0",
  "cfg-if",
  "data-encoding",
  "enum-as-inner",
@@ -1162,11 +1117,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "idna",
  "ipnet",
  "once_cell",
- "rand 0.9.1",
- "ring",
- "rustls-pki-types",
- "thiserror 2.0.12",
- "time",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
+ "thiserror",
  "tinyvec",
  "tokio",
  "tracing",
@@ -1175,19 +1127,19 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hickory-resolver"
-version = "0.25.2"
+version = "0.24.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dc62a9a99b0bfb44d2ab95a7208ac952d31060efc16241c87eaf36406fecf87a"
+checksum = "cbb117a1ca520e111743ab2f6688eddee69db4e0ea242545a604dce8a66fd22e"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "futures-util",
  "hickory-proto",
- "moka",
+ "lru-cache",
  "once_cell",
  "parking_lot",
- "rand 0.9.1",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
  "smallvec",
- "thiserror 2.0.12",
+ "thiserror",
  "tokio",
  "tracing",
 ]
@@ -1287,7 +1239,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "iana-time-zone-haiku",
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
- "windows-core 0.52.0",
+ "windows-core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1584,6 +1536,12 @@ version = "0.2.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4ec2a862134d2a7d32d7983ddcdd1c4923530833c9f2ea1a44fc5fa473989058"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "linked-hash-map"
+version = "0.5.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0717cef1bc8b636c6e1c1bbdefc09e6322da8a9321966e8928ef80d20f7f770f"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "linux-raw-sys"
 version = "0.4.14"
@@ -1613,25 +1571,12 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a7a70ba024b9dc04c27ea2f0c0548feb474ec5c54bba33a7f72f873a39d07b24"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "loom"
-version = "0.7.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "419e0dc8046cb947daa77eb95ae174acfbddb7673b4151f56d1eed8e93fbfaca"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "generator",
- "scoped-tls",
- "tracing",
- "tracing-subscriber",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "matchers"
-version = "0.1.0"
+name = "lru-cache"
+version = "0.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8263075bb86c5a1b1427b5ae862e8889656f126e9f77c484496e8b47cf5c5558"
+checksum = "31e24f1ad8321ca0e8a1e0ac13f23cb668e6f5466c2c57319f6a5cf1cc8e3b1c"
 dependencies = [
- "regex-automata 0.1.10",
+ "linked-hash-map",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1687,25 +1632,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "moka"
-version = "0.12.10"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a9321642ca94a4282428e6ea4af8cc2ca4eac48ac7a6a4ea8f33f76d0ce70926"
-dependencies = [
- "crossbeam-channel",
- "crossbeam-epoch",
- "crossbeam-utils",
- "loom",
- "parking_lot",
- "portable-atomic",
- "rustc_version",
- "smallvec",
- "tagptr",
- "thiserror 1.0.69",
- "uuid",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "multiexp"
 version = "0.4.0"
@@ -1742,16 +1668,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "minimal-lexical",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "nu-ansi-term"
-version = "0.46.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "77a8165726e8236064dbb45459242600304b42a5ea24ee2948e18e023bf7ba84"
-dependencies = [
- "overload",
- "winapi",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "num"
 version = "0.4.3"
@@ -1885,10 +1801,6 @@ name = "once_cell"
 version = "1.21.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "42f5e15c9953c5e4ccceeb2e7382a716482c34515315f7b03532b8b4e8393d2d"
-dependencies = [
- "critical-section",
- "portable-atomic",
-]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "opaque-debug"
@@ -1896,12 +1808,6 @@ version = "0.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c08d65885ee38876c4f86fa503fb49d7b507c2b62552df7c70b2fce627e06381"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "overload"
-version = "0.1.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b15813163c1d831bf4a13c3610c05c0d03b39feb07f7e09fa234dac9b15aaf39"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "p256"
 version = "0.11.1"
@@ -2096,12 +2002,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "universal-hash",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "portable-atomic"
-version = "1.11.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f84267b20a16ea918e43c6a88433c2d54fa145c92a811b5b047ccbe153674483"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "powerfmt"
 version = "0.2.0"
@@ -2229,7 +2129,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
  "sha2",
- "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "thiserror",
  "vsss-rs",
 ]
 
@@ -2267,7 +2167,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "rustls",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
- "tokio",
  "webpki-roots",
 ]
 
@@ -2408,17 +2307,8 @@ checksum = "4219d74c6b67a3654a9fbebc4b419e22126d13d2f3c4a07ee0cb61ff79a79619"
 dependencies = [
  "aho-corasick",
  "memchr",
- "regex-automata 0.4.7",
- "regex-syntax 0.8.4",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "regex-automata"
-version = "0.1.10"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6c230d73fb8d8c1b9c0b3135c5142a8acee3a0558fb8db5cf1cb65f8d7862132"
-dependencies = [
- "regex-syntax 0.6.29",
+ "regex-automata",
+ "regex-syntax",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2429,15 +2319,9 @@ checksum = "38caf58cc5ef2fed281f89292ef23f6365465ed9a41b7a7754eb4e26496c92df"
 dependencies = [
  "aho-corasick",
  "memchr",
- "regex-syntax 0.8.4",
+ "regex-syntax",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "regex-syntax"
-version = "0.6.29"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f162c6dd7b008981e4d40210aca20b4bd0f9b60ca9271061b07f78537722f2e1"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "regex-syntax"
 version = "0.8.4"
@@ -2523,15 +2407,6 @@ version = "1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "08d43f7aa6b08d49f382cde6a7982047c3426db949b1424bc4b7ec9ae12c6ce2"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "rustc_version"
-version = "0.4.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cfcb3a22ef46e85b45de6ee7e79d063319ebb6594faafcf1c225ea92ab6e9b92"
-dependencies = [
- "semver",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "rusticata-macros"
 version = "4.1.0"
@@ -2556,9 +2431,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustls"
-version = "0.23.26"
+version = "0.23.29"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "df51b5869f3a441595eac5e8ff14d486ff285f7b8c0df8770e49c3b56351f0f0"
+checksum = "2491382039b29b9b11ff08b76ff6c97cf287671dbb74f0be44bda389fffe9bd1"
 dependencies = [
  "aws-lc-rs",
  "log",
@@ -2580,9 +2455,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustls-webpki"
-version = "0.103.3"
+version = "0.103.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e4a72fe2bcf7a6ac6fd7d0b9e5cb68aeb7d4c0a0271730218b3e92d43b4eb435"
+checksum = "0a17884ae0c1b773f1ccd2bd4a8c72f16da897310a98b0e84bf349ad5ead92fc"
 dependencies = [
  "aws-lc-rs",
  "ring",
@@ -2602,12 +2477,6 @@ version = "1.0.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f3cb5ba0dc43242ce17de99c180e96db90b235b8a9fdc9543c96d2209116bd9f"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "scoped-tls"
-version = "1.0.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e1cf6437eb19a8f4a6cc0f7dca544973b0b78843adbfeb3683d1a94a0024a294"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "scopeguard"
 version = "1.2.0"
@@ -2651,12 +2520,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "semver"
-version = "1.0.26"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "56e6fa9c48d24d85fb3de5ad847117517440f6beceb7798af16b4a87d616b8d0"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "serde"
 version = "1.0.219"
@@ -2801,15 +2664,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "keccak",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "sharded-slab"
-version = "0.1.7"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f40ca3c46823713e0d4209592e8d6e826aa57e928f09752619fc696c499637f6"
-dependencies = [
- "lazy_static",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "shlex"
 version = "1.3.0"
@@ -2969,12 +2823,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.100",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "tagptr"
-version = "0.2.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7b2093cf4c8eb1e67749a6762251bc9cd836b6fc171623bd0a9d324d37af2417"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "tap"
 version = "1.0.1"
@@ -2987,16 +2835,7 @@ version = "1.0.69"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b6aaf5339b578ea85b50e080feb250a3e8ae8cfcdff9a461c9ec2904bc923f52"
 dependencies = [
- "thiserror-impl 1.0.69",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "thiserror"
-version = "2.0.12"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "567b8a2dae586314f7be2a752ec7474332959c6460e02bde30d702a66d488708"
-dependencies = [
- "thiserror-impl 2.0.12",
+ "thiserror-impl",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3010,26 +2849,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.100",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "thiserror-impl"
-version = "2.0.12"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7f7cf42b4507d8ea322120659672cf1b9dbb93f8f2d4ecfd6e51350ff5b17a1d"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn 2.0.100",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "thread_local"
-version = "1.1.9"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f60246a4944f24f6e018aa17cdeffb7818b76356965d03b07d6a9886e8962185"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "time"
 version = "0.3.36"
@@ -3165,46 +2984,28 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c3523ab5a71916ccf420eebdf5521fcef02141234bbc0b8a49f2fdc4544364ef"
 dependencies = [
  "pin-project-lite",
+ "tracing-attributes",
  "tracing-core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tracing-core"
-version = "0.1.32"
+name = "tracing-attributes"
+version = "0.1.30"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c06d3da6113f116aaee68e4d601191614c9053067f9ab7f6edbcb161237daa54"
+checksum = "81383ab64e72a7a8b8e13130c49e3dab29def6d0c7d76a03087b3cf71c5c6903"
 dependencies = [
- "once_cell",
- "valuable",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.100",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tracing-log"
-version = "0.2.0"
+name = "tracing-core"
+version = "0.1.32"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ee855f1f400bd0e5c02d150ae5de3840039a3f54b025156404e34c23c03f47c3"
+checksum = "c06d3da6113f116aaee68e4d601191614c9053067f9ab7f6edbcb161237daa54"
 dependencies = [
- "log",
  "once_cell",
- "tracing-core",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "tracing-subscriber"
-version = "0.3.18"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ad0f048c97dbd9faa9b7df56362b8ebcaa52adb06b498c050d2f4e32f90a7a8b"
-dependencies = [
- "matchers",
- "nu-ansi-term",
- "once_cell",
- "regex",
- "sharded-slab",
- "smallvec",
- "thread_local",
- "tracing",
- "tracing-core",
- "tracing-log",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3293,12 +3094,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "getrandom 0.3.3",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "valuable"
-version = "0.1.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ba73ea9cf16a25df0c8caa16c51acb937d5712a8429db78a3ee29d5dcacd3a65"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "version_check"
 version = "0.9.5"
@@ -3434,50 +3229,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "rustix",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "winapi"
-version = "0.3.9"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5c839a674fcd7a98952e593242ea400abe93992746761e38641405d28b00f419"
-dependencies = [
- "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu",
- "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu"
-version = "0.4.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ac3b87c63620426dd9b991e5ce0329eff545bccbbb34f3be09ff6fb6ab51b7b6"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu"
-version = "0.4.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows"
-version = "0.61.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9babd3a767a4c1aef6900409f85f5d53ce2544ccdfaa86dad48c91782c6d6893"
-dependencies = [
- "windows-collections",
- "windows-core 0.61.2",
- "windows-future",
- "windows-link",
- "windows-numerics",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-collections"
-version = "0.2.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3beeceb5e5cfd9eb1d76b381630e82c4241ccd0d27f1a39ed41b2760b255c5e8"
-dependencies = [
- "windows-core 0.61.2",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-core"
 version = "0.52.0"
@@ -3487,86 +3238,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-targets 0.52.6",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-core"
-version = "0.61.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c0fdd3ddb90610c7638aa2b3a3ab2904fb9e5cdbecc643ddb3647212781c4ae3"
-dependencies = [
- "windows-implement",
- "windows-interface",
- "windows-link",
- "windows-result",
- "windows-strings",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-future"
-version = "0.2.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fc6a41e98427b19fe4b73c550f060b59fa592d7d686537eebf9385621bfbad8e"
-dependencies = [
- "windows-core 0.61.2",
- "windows-link",
- "windows-threading",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-implement"
-version = "0.60.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a47fddd13af08290e67f4acabf4b459f647552718f683a7b415d290ac744a836"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn 2.0.100",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-interface"
-version = "0.59.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bd9211b69f8dcdfa817bfd14bf1c97c9188afa36f4750130fcdf3f400eca9fa8"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn 2.0.100",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-link"
-version = "0.1.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5e6ad25900d524eaabdbbb96d20b4311e1e7ae1699af4fb28c17ae66c80d798a"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-numerics"
-version = "0.2.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9150af68066c4c5c07ddc0ce30421554771e528bde427614c61038bc2c92c2b1"
-dependencies = [
- "windows-core 0.61.2",
- "windows-link",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-result"
-version = "0.3.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "56f42bd332cc6c8eac5af113fc0c1fd6a8fd2aa08a0119358686e5160d0586c6"
-dependencies = [
- "windows-link",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-strings"
-version = "0.4.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "56e6c93f3a0c3b36176cb1327a4958a0353d5d166c2a35cb268ace15e91d3b57"
-dependencies = [
- "windows-link",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-sys"
 version = "0.48.0"
@@ -3616,15 +3287,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.52.6",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-threading"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b66463ad2e0ea3bbf808b7f1d371311c80e115c0b71d60efc142cafbcfb057a6"
-dependencies = [
- "windows-link",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
 version = "0.48.5"
@@ -3790,7 +3452,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "nom",
  "oid-registry",
  "rusticata-macros",
- "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "thiserror",
  "time",
 ]
 
diff --git a/src/qos_net/Cargo.toml b/src/qos_net/Cargo.toml
index ba49e5c0..f766754b 100644
--- a/src/qos_net/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/qos_net/Cargo.toml
@@ -12,14 +12,12 @@ borsh = { version = "1.0", features = [
     "derive",
 ], default-features = false }
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"], default-features = false }
-hickory-resolver = { version = "0.25.2", features = [
-    "tokio",       # for async
-    "dnssec-ring", # for DNSSEC
+hickory-resolver = { version = "0.24.1", features = [
+    "tokio-runtime",
 ], default-features = false, optional = true }
 rand = { version = "0.9.1", features = [
     "thread_rng",
 ], default-features = false, optional = true }
-tokio = { version = "1.38.0", default-features = false }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 qos_test_primitives = { path = "../qos_test_primitives" }