[Term Entry] C++ Array Function: .cend()

content/cpp/concepts/arrays/terms/cend/cend.md

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+---
+Title: '.cend()'
+Description: 'Returns a constant iterator pointing just past the last element of an array container.' 
+Subjects: 
+  - 'Code Foundations'
+  - 'Computer Science'
+Tags: 
+  - 'Arrays'
+  - 'Iterators'
+CatalogContent: 
+  - 'learn-c-plus-plus'
+  - 'paths/computer-science'
+---
+
+**`.cend()`** is a member function of standard C++ containers (such as [arrays](https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/cpp/arrays), [vectors](https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/cpp/vectors), and [sets](https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/cpp/sets)) that returns a constant iterator pointing just past the last element of the container. The "c" in `.cend()` stands for "const", indicating that the iterator cannot modify the elements it accesses. This function is commonly used for read-only traversal and is typically employed in range checks or `for` loops to define the end boundary of the container.
+
+## Syntax
+
+```pseudo
+array.cend();
+```
+
+**Parameters:**
+
+This function does not take any parameters.
+
+**Return value:**
+
+Returns a constant iterator pointing just past the last element of the container.
+
+## Example: Using `.cend()` to Access the Last Element
+
+This example prints the last element of the array by using `.cend()` and moving one step backward:
+
+```cpp
+#include <iostream>
+#include <array>
+
+int main() {
+  std::array<int, 2> array = {1, 2};
+
+  // Get constant iterator just past the last element
+  auto it = array.cend();
+
+  // Move one step back to point to the last element
+  std::cout << *(std::prev(it)) << "\n";  // Outputs: 2
+
+  return 0;
+}
+```
+
+The output of this program will be:
+
+```shell
+2
+```
+
+## Codebyte Example: Using `.cend()` to Print an Array
+
+The following code creates an array and uses `.cbegin()` and `.cend()` to print all of its elements:
+
+```codebyte/cpp
+#include <iostream>
+#include <array>
+
+int main() {
+  std::array<int, 4> array = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+
+  // Prints all elements in the array using const iterators
+  for (auto i = array.cbegin(); i != array.cend(); ++i) {
+    std::cout << *i << " ";
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+```