feat(math/unstable): add math package with basic math utilities

[lionel-rowe]

Closes #6803

• clamp: Clamp a number within a range. Based on Math.clamp proposal, with a notable difference being that current proposal specifies TypeErrors for NaN inputs, whereas my version returns NaNs, because throwing TypeErrors seems rather unexpected given the corresponding behavior of Math.min and Math.max.
• modulo: Floor modulo operation, in contrast with JS's % remainder operator. Based on Python's % (floor modulo) operator and modulus math proposal.
• round-to: Round a number to a specified number of decimal places using various rounding strategies. Basically Number#toFixed but returning a number instead of a string.

Probably worth kicking the wheels for things like floating-point rounding issues, in cases where those are avoidable or optimizable.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 94.16%. Comparing base (91d1d55) to head (3166629).
⚠️ Report is 3 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #6823      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   94.16%   94.16%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         573      577       +4     
  Lines       42400    42454      +54     
  Branches     6732     6746      +14     
==========================================
+ Hits        39928    39978      +50     
- Misses       2422     2425       +3     
- Partials       50       51       +1     

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.
• 📦 JS Bundle Analysis: Save yourself from yourself by tracking and limiting bundle sizes in JS merges.