Use ruff Python formatter

[x0rw]

• add GitHub Action to fail the build if not formatted according to ruff
• tweak ruff settings as necessary
• add to README.md about how to configure a contributor's ruff settings and/or (ideally) include those in the repo so that it "just works" for contributors

Resolves #146

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[PLeVasseur]

Hi @x0rw -- is this still a draft or ready for review? I saw a couple of unticked boxes

[x0rw]

Hi @PLeVasseur,
This looks fine to me now, also there is no need for README.md explaination, as pyproject.toml is self explanatory and well commented.
Also every lint ignored in lint.ignore can be considered a TODO for us, but they require more manual testing because we don't have unit tests,

let me know what you think.

[PLeVasseur]

Hey @x0rw -- thanks for the updates! I left a couple of comments if you could take a look

[PLeVasseur]

@x0rw -- thanks for the contribution! ☺️